Ant Algorithms Third International Workshop, ANTS 2002 Brussels, Bel
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Ant Algorithms, ANTS 2002, held in Brussels, Belgium in September 2002. The 17 revised full papers, 11 short papers, and extended poster abstracts presented were careful
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Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Hong Kong London Milan Paris Tokyo
Marco Dorigo Gianni Di Caro Michael Sampels (Eds.)
Ant Algorithms Third International Workshop, ANTS 2002 Brussels, Belgium, September 12-14, 2002 Proceedings
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Series Editors Gerhard Goos, Karlsruhe University, Germany Juris Hartmanis, Cornell University, NY, USA Jan van Leeuwen, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Volume Editors Marco Dorigo Gianni Di Caro Michael Sampels IRIDIA, Université de Bruxelles CP 194/6 Avenue Franklin D. Roosevelt 50 1050 Brussels, Belgium E-mail: {mdorigo, gdicaro, msampels}@ulb.ac.be Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Ant algorithms : third international workshop ; proceedings / ANTS 2002, Brussels, Belgium, September 12 - 14, 2002. Marco Dorigo ... (ed.). - Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ; Barcelona ; Hong Kong ; London ; Milan ; Paris ; Tokyo : Springer, 2002 (Lecture notes in computer science ; Vol. 2463) ISBN 3-540-44146-8
CR Subject Classification (1998): F.2.2, F.1.1, G.1, G.2, I.2, C.2.4, J.1 ISSN 0302-9743 ISBN 3-540-44146-8 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York, a member of BertelsmannSpringer Science+Business Media GmbH http://www.springer.de © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002 Printed in Germany Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by PTP-Berlin, Stefan Sossna e.K. Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 10871233 06/3142 543210
Preface
Social insects – ants, termites, wasps, and bees – live in almost every land habitat on Earth. Over the last one hundred million years of evolution they have conquered an enormous variety of ecological niches in the soil and vegetation. Undoubtedly, their social organization, in particular the genetically evolved commitment of each individual to the survival of the colony, is a key factor underpinning their success. Moreover, these insect societies exhibit the fascinating property that the activities of the individuals, as well as of the society as a whole, are not regulated by any explicit form of centralized control. Evolutionary forces have generated individuals that combine a total commitment to the society together with specific communication and action skills that give rise to the generation of complex patterns and behaviors at the global level. Among the social insects, ants may be considered the most successful family. There are about 9,000 differ
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