Anterior Maxilla
The anterior maxilla, also termed premaxilla, comprises the region and teeth from the right to the left first premolars. It is also often referred to as the “esthetic zone” emphasizing its role in modern dentistry. Delicate structures to be considered dur
- PDF / 4,168,940 Bytes
- 24 Pages / 595.28 x 790.87 pts Page_size
- 89 Downloads / 187 Views
The anterior maxilla (Fig. 5.1) is a clinically critical area frequently requiring extensive surgical interventions, e.g., placement of dental implants, surgical removal of impacted or supernumerary teeth, periodontal surgery, endodontic surgery, cyst therapy (Figs. 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, and 5.9), and orthognathic surgery. This is particularly true regarding treatment of edentulous or partially dentate patients that were previously rehabilitated with mucosa- or tooth-borne prostheses; however, the focus has shifted to implant-borne reconstructions in the last three decades (Belser et al. 2000; Pjetursson et al. 2007) (Figs. 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13, and 5.14). Thus, increased demand for endosseous implants in dentistry has necessitated a greater appreciation and understanding of surgical techniques that in turn require a firm understanding of the anatomy of the anterior maxilla (von Arx et al. 2013). The maxillary bone (Fig. 5.15) supports the upper teeth and contributes the majority of the facial skeleton. It comprises a body that is pyramidal in shape with the base bordering the nasal cavity and the apex bordering the zygomatic bone. The maxillary body can be described as possessing four processes including the frontal, zygomatic, palatine, and alveolar processes (Figs. 5.16 and 5.17). The frontal process extends superiorly and is positioned between the nasal bone anteriorly and the lacrimal bone posteriorly. The zygomatic process projects laterally and articulates with the zygomatic bone. The palatine process extends medially and articulates with its partner at the midline through the intermaxillary suture. The alveolar process extends inferiorly from the maxillary body and supports the alveolar sockets and teeth. The maxillary body is also characterized by four surfaces including the anterior (facial), posterior (infratemporal), medial (nasal), and superior (orbital), all of which possess unique features necessary for presurgical consideration. The jugal crest (zygomaticoalveolar ridge) is a prominent feature on the anterior surface running from the zygomatic process to the first molar serving as an anatomical landmark separating the anterior (facial) portion of the maxilla from its posterior (infratemporal) portion (Fig. 5.18). This osseous
5
crest provides an anatomical boundary that corresponds to what clinicians often call the “esthetic zone” extending bilaterally between premolars perpendicular to the dental arch and from the alveolar crest to the nasal aperture in the vertical dimension. Thus, the anterior maxilla must be carefully considered to achieve optimal esthetic treatment outcomes. The surface of the anterior maxilla contributes to the nose and, inferiorly, the primary palate. The region is characterized by a prominent intermaxillary suture establishing a midline articulation between the maxillary bones (os maxillae). It is observed on the facial aspect in dry skulls extending from the anterior nasal spine toward the interdental bone between the two central incisors and eventually rea
Data Loading...
