Apparatus for Producing Elemental Sulfur from Highly Concentrated Hydrogen Sulfide-Containing Gases
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PROCESSES AND EQUIPMENT OF CHEMICAL AND OIL-AND-GAS TECHNOLOGIES APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ELEMENTAL SULFUR FROM HIGHLY CONCENTRATED HYDROGEN SULFIDE-CONTAINING GASES F. R. Ismagilov,1 M. K. Dzheksenov,1 and A. V. Kurochkin2
UDC 628.512
A device is proposed for producing sulfur, in the form of a cylindrical reactor with several catalyst blocks consisting of heat exchange elements with an internal space for the passage of the coolant; the space between the elements is filled with a granular catalyst. The device additionally contains a steam heater for hydrogen sulfide-containing gas, a section for condensing sulfur vapors (surface condenser located below the catalyst units), and a thermosyphon device for removing reaction heat from the catalyst blocks. In this case, the catalyst units are equipped with devices for distribution of oxygen-containing gas over the cross section of the apparatus. The thermosyphon device is composed of a manifold distributor of the liquid heat carrier, a manifold-collector of the vapor-liquid mixture, and a separation space, which houses a steam heater of the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas. When highly concentrated hydrogen sulfide is oxidized (up to 90 vol. %) on the experimental apparatus, the sulfur removal is 4.0–4.1 kg/hr for every 1 liter of catalyst, the sulfur yield is 99.6% and a high-potential vapor is obtained (250°C, 4.0 MPa). Keywords: hydrogen sulfide, oxidation, sulfur, reactor, catalyst, conversion rate, sulfur yield, apparatus design, heat sink, process intensity, sulfur recovery, sulfur yield.
The creation of an effective technology for the utilization of hydrocarbon gases with a high concentration of hydrogen sulfide generated during the development of gas condensate and oil fields is an urgent task. The technological scheme for processing hydrogen sulfide-containing hydrocarbon gases usually includes two units. In the amine unit (ARU), hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide are separated from the gas as concentrated sour gas; in the Claus unit, the sour gas is converted into elemental sulfur during via the Claus process, which includes a thermal stage and subsequent catalytic stages, the number of which (at least two) depends on process modification. At the thermal stage, sour gas at a temperature of 900–1300°C is burned in a free flame in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of air to obtain elemental sulfur and sulfur dioxide; at the catalytic stages, the reaction between hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide takes place. The main disadvantages of the Claus process are the multistage nature and insufficiently high degree of conversion of hydrogen sulfide to sulfur (due to limitations associated with the peculiarity of the thermodynamic equilibrium of the reaction between hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide), which leads to pollution of air with sulfur compounds of waste gases. The tasks of improving and developing the process of processing highly concentrated hydrogen sulfidecontaining gases to obtain elemental sulfur include: simplifying the technology and design of d
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