Application of Combinatorial Electropolymerization to the Development of Chemical Sensors
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Application of Combinatorial Electropolymerization to the Development of Chemical Sensors Vladimir M. Mirsky*, Valentin Kulikov, Qingli Hao, Otto S. Wolfbeis University of Regensburg, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany Abstract Combinatorial electropolymerization with electrical addressing was realized on the array of 96 electrode groups, each from four electrodes. The polymer synthesis was combined with subsequent high-throughput investigation of analytical properties of synthesized polymers. Twoand four-point techniques were applied simultaneously to measure electrical properties of synthesized polymers and contact resistances between electrodes and polymers and modifications of these parameters on addition of analyte. The system was used for development of sensitive materials for detection of gaseous hydrogen chloride. Introduction The words "combinatorial techniques" are closely associated with robotic systems, providing transfer of reagents from one micro-titer plate to another and automated optical readers with X-Y tables. We present here an alternative technology which is based on the electrical addressing of chemical synthesis and subsequent high-throughput analysis of electrical properties of synthesized polymers. Instead of mechanical addressing, we use an electrical addressing. The polymer synthesis is performed by means of electropolymerization. This technique is widely used in different fields of science and technology as a simple method for preparation of polymer layers with controlled thicknesses. It is compatible with inorganic electroplating and can be also used for formation of multilayer polymeric and metal/polymeric systems, for example of the type: polymer1/polymer2../metal1/polymer3/metal2, etc. The electropolymerization can be performed in aqueous or in organic solutions. A combination of these systems with certain two-dimensional configurations of electrode arrays on the support may be used for combinatorial synthesis of practically all possible devices on the polymer basis, such as organic electronic devices (organic light-emitting diodes, transistors, Schottki diodes, capacitors or even complete electronic circuits), chemical sensors (chemoresistors based on intrinsic propeties of conductive polymers, electrochemically synthesized molecularly imprinted polymers), biosensors (with electron transfer between enzyme and conductive polymers or with pH-sensitive conductive polymers). The technology can be also used for development of filters for chemical sensors, corrosion protective coatings, electrochromic coatings and for many other applications [1]. In the present paper we describe an application of combinatorial electrochemical synthesis for development of chemical sensors for gaseous hydrogen chloride. The information *
corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
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flow in the system is shown in Figure 1. The feedback can be realized manually or by using of more formalized algorithms, such as an
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