Application of cyclotrons in beam technologies
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EMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS Experiment
Application of Cyclotrons in Beam Technologies A. A. Ogloblin1)* , V. N. Unezhev1) , V. A. Zagryadskiy1), A. I. Ryazanov1), 2) , V. I. Novikov1), S. T. Latushkin1), and T. Yu. Malamut1) Received January 18, 2017
Abstract—Some currently developed applications of cyclotrons (beam technologies) are discussed. They include new methods for producing radioisotopes for medical purposes and investigations into the radiation strength of materials and the wear of units of various machines and devices by means of beams of radioactive nuclei. DOI: 10.1134/S1063778817050192
1. INTRODUCTION In the past three decades, a trend toward the application of low- and intermediate-energy accelerators to solving problems beyond fundamental nuclear physics could clearly be traced in world science. Centers aimed at employing particle beams to perform investigations in the realms of materials science and medicine, to produce radioisotopes, and to develop other beam technologies have been created on the basis of laboratories that possessed such facilities. In the early 1980s, work on adapting the available cyclotron for the such purposes and on employing it in order to accomplish them was initiated at the Kurchatov Institute. By means of beam technologies, it became possible to implement, for the first time in the Soviet Union and in Russia, the production of the radioisotopes thallium-201 and iodine-123 intended for medical purposes and delivered regularly to some clinics in Moscow. A noninvasive procedure (which, so far. has no analogs) for the diagnostics of the wear of machine units and blocks manufactured from synthetic materials was developed. The efficiency of this procedure was demonstrated in the course of joint work with German enterprises. Work on studying the radiative damage of reactor materials was deployed. A high-sensitivity activation analysis of admixtures of light elements in semiconductor materials by means of beams of 3 Не nuclei has been performed for the first time. In the present article, we consider some important results obtained at the cyclotron of the Kurchatov Institute in the realms of beam technologies, especially 1)
National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, pl. Akademika Kurchatova 1, Moscow, 128182 Russia. 2) National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Kashirskoe sh. 31, Moscow, 115409 Russia. * E-mail: [email protected]
in recent years, and the trends prevalent worldwide in these realms. 2. RADIONUCLIDES FOR NUCLEAR MEDICINE In order to meet the needs of nuclear medicine, cyclotron beams are used along two lines: the therapy of tumors and the production of radionuclides—those intended for therapy and those intended for the diagnostics of diseases. Beam therapy requires employing particles of rather high energy (100 MeV per nucleon and higher). In the present article, we do not consider studies in this field. Work performed in the past few years on the basis of the U-150 cyclotron of the Kurchatov Institute included evolving a broad spectrum of experimental procedures a
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