Application of Intermetallics (La,Ce)Ni 5 in Hydrogen Energy Storage Systems
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GANIC SYNTHESIS AND INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Application of Intermetallics (La,Ce)Ni5 in Hydrogen Energy Storage Systems V. B. Sona, Yu. Ya. Shimkusa, S. A. Mozhzhukhina, M. S. Bocharnikova, E. E. Fokinaa,*, and B. P. Tarasova a Institute
of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received January 27, 2020; revised May 14, 2020; accepted July 10, 2020
Abstract—The hydrogen sorption characteristics of La1–xCexNi5 alloys (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.5) were studied in the temperature range 298–363 K. The optimal compositions of intermetallic compounds were determined for use as hydrogen sorbents in reusable accumulators: compounds La0.9Ce0.1Ni5 and La0.8Ce0.2Ni5. Based on them, a metal hydride hydrogen accumulator was designed and manufactured and its technical and operational characteristics were found. The developed devices are proposed to be applied in electric energy storage systems using hydrogen as an energy carrier. Keywords: hydrogen, intermetallic compound, alloy, hydride, hydrogenation, accumulator DOI: 10.1134/S1070427220090104
In recent years, energy systems have been actively developed in which hydrogen acts as an energy carrier. Such systems consist of a solar battery (or wind generator), an electrolysis generator, and a hydrogen– air fuel cell [1, 2]. Hydrogen storage is a serious problem, one of the possible solutions of which is to use a metal hydride storage method based on reversible hydrogenation, for example, of intermetallic compounds of the type AB5 [3–5], AB3 [6] and AB2 [7, 8]. AB5 alloys are most often used, and not only for storage, but also for hydrogen compression. The maximum hydrogen capacity of these alloys is noticeably inferior to the capacity of intermetallic compounds of compositions AB3 and AB2, but, in contrast to them, AB5 alloys have good cyclic stability and are not prone to hydrogenolysis [9–11]. One of the best known and widely used alloys of the AB5 type for hydrogen storage is the intermetallic compound LaNi5 [12–15]. The LaNi5-based hydride with the composition LaNi5H6.8 has an equilibrium pressure slightly above 2 atm at 298 K [16–18], but its use in hydrogen energy accumulators at temperatures below room temperature causes difficulties due to the fact that the equilibrium decomposition pressure of the hydride
phase is below 1 atm while to supply fuel cells, a pressure of more than 1 atm is required [19]. The equilibrium hydrogen pressure is determined by the change in the content of lanthanum and cerium in the (La,Ce)Ni5 intermetallic compound [20, 21]. In the hydrogen energy accumulator, which we developed, for the operation of the Ballard FCGen 1020ACS fuel cell it is necessary to ensure the supply of hydrogen under a pressure of more than 1.1 atm at a temperature of 278 K, and the alloy must be activated at room temperature. The purpose of the work is to study and analyze the hydrogen sorption properties of intermetallic compounds La1–xCexNi5 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.5) for the
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