Application of molecular SERS nanosensors: where we stand and where we are headed towards?
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Application of molecular SERS nanosensors: where we stand and where we are headed towards? Izabella J. Jahn 1 & Anna Mühlig 1,2 & Dana Cialla-May 1,3,4 Received: 27 March 2020 / Revised: 20 May 2020 / Accepted: 18 June 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Molecular specific and highly sensitive detection is the driving force of the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) community. The technique opens the window to the undisturbed monitoring of cellular processes in situ or to the quantification of small molecular species that do not deliver Raman signals. The smart design of molecular SERS nanosensors makes it possible to indirectly but specifically detect, e.g. reactive oxygen species, carbon monoxide or potentially toxic metal ions. Detection schemes evolved over the years from simple metallic colloidal nanoparticles functionalized with sensing molecules that show uncontrolled aggregation to complex nanostructures with magnetic properties making the analysis of complex environmental samples possible. The present article gives the readership an overview of the present research advancements in the field of molecular SERS sensors, highlighting future trends. Keywords Surface-enhanced Ramanspectroscopy(SERS) . Molecular nanosensors . Cellular microenvironment . Environmental sensing
Introduction Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an attractive tool in analytical sciences, biology, biomedicine etc. It can quantitatively estimate low molecular weight substances in complex biofluid matrices, detect tumour margins or identify bacterial cells to name only a few examples from the huge variety of application scenarios mentioned in literature [1–6]. The method relies on the inelastic light scattering, known as Raman scattering, and it provides information on the Published in the topical collection featuring Female Role Models in Analytical Chemistry. * Dana Cialla-May [email protected] 1
Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
2
Center for Sepsis Care and Control Jena, Jena University Hospital, Kollegiengasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
3
Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena, Germany
4
Center of Applied Research, InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
vibrational modes of the investigated molecules and gains its sensitivity from the presence of enhanced electromagnetic field created in the proximity of metallic nanoparticles excited under resonance conditions. The electromagnetic and chemical enhancement mechanisms are the two underlying processes that lead to the enhanced Raman signal [7]. In SERS-based detection schemes, four main concepts are known: (1) label-free or direct SERS sensing is mostly applied and relies on the high affinity of the target analyte towards the metallic surface allowing for a SERS-based detection even in complex matrices [1, 4]. A
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