Application of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate in polymer heterojunction solar cells
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Application of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate in polymer heterojunction solar cells Yan Li • Gentian Yue • Xiaoxu Chen Benlin He • Lei Chu • Haiyan Chen • Jihuai Wu • Qunwei Tang
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Received: 26 November 2012 / Accepted: 7 January 2013 / Published online: 16 January 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract In this study, p-type semiconducting polymer of acid, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), has been employed as a hole-transporting electrode to fabricate organic polymer heterojunction photovoltaic cells. The results showed that the resultant poly (3-hexylthiophene): C60 derivatives [6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM)/PEDOT:PSS can significantly expand the light absorption range which was expected to enhance the sunlight excitation. The influences of annealing conditions and barrier layer on the photoelectric performances were investigated in detail, giving an optimized synthesis conditions: annealed temperature was at 120 °C for 90 min, the thickness of PEDOT:PSS film was approximately 3–4 lm, and the ratio of PCBM and P3HT was 1:2. The blended heterojunction consisting of PCBM and P3HT was used as charge carrier-transferring medium to replace I3-/I- redox electrolyte, showing a short-circuit current of 4.30 mA cm-2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.83 V, and a lightto-electric energy conversion efficiency of 2.37 % under a simulated solar light irradiation of 100 mW cm-2. In addition, a solid-state polymer heterojunction photovoltaic cells with a short-circuit current of 3.59 mA cm-2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.80 V, and a light-to-electric energy conversion efficiency of 1.9 % was successfully fabricated by simplifying the process.
Y. Li G. Yue J. Wu (&) Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, Fujian, China e-mail: [email protected] X. Chen B. He L. Chu H. Chen Q. Tang (&) Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China e-mail: [email protected]
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Introduction The sun is the largest carbon–neutral energy source that has not been fully exploited. Although there are solar cell devices based on inorganic semiconductor to efficiently harvest solar energy, the costs of these conventional devices are too high, and these devices cause pollution to the environment. This is the major motivation for the research of Gra¨tzel solar cell in 1991 [1], organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials, and devices. Gra¨tzel solar cells show higher conversion efficiency as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) [2, 3]; however, the long-term stability of the solar cells is questionable because of the leakage of liquid electrolyte. For addressing this issue, it is essential to explore a new charge carrier-transferring medium. Following the development of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure of an electron-donor and electron-acceptor as active layer by Heeger [4–6], great enhancements have been achieved with regard to the efficiency of
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