Application of polyamide thin-film composite layered on polysulfone-GO/TiO 2 mixed matrix membranes for removal of nitro
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Application of polyamide thin-film composite layered on polysulfone-GO/TiO2 mixed matrix membranes for removal of nitrotoluene derivatives from petrochemical wastewaters Hanieh Gharehbakhsh 1 & Homayon Ahmad Panahi 2 & Mohammad Reza Toosi 3 Elham Moniri 4
&
Amir Hessam Hassani 1 &
Received: 29 February 2020 / Accepted: 20 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Release of harmful organic intermediates or byproducts during the manufacture of petrochemical compounds is a serious problem in petrochemical plants. In this work, polysulfone membranes blended with GO/TiO2 nanocomposite were synthesized by phase inversion method and coated with a polyamide layer formed by interfacial polymerization to prepare a thin-film composite (TFC) sample. Analysis and characterization of the sample were carried out by XRD, FE-SEM, BET, FTIR/ATR, AFM, TGA, and zeta potential. Results indicated that incorporation of GO/TiO2 into the membrane structure enhanced porosity, surface roughness, and macrovoid formation along the cross-section of the sublayer and permeability of the membrane. The TFC membranes were applied to remove mononitrotoluene (MNT) and dinitrotoluene (DNT) as the basic intermediates of toluene diisocyanate (TDI). The membranes demonstrated high efficiency (> 90%) for the removal of MNT and DNT according to the charge exclusion mechanism and Donnan effect. Application of the TFC membrane for treatment of wastewater in the TDI plant showed that the removal of pollutants is variable in the range of 45–65% and 53–69% for the membrane with the highest flux and highest rejection in different transmembrane pressure, respectively. Keywords Petrochemical wastewater . Graphene oxide . TFC membrane . Polysulfone
Introduction Petrochemical industries produce serious problems due to their harmful effects on the environment such as soil, waters, and the air pollutions (Sharma et al. 2017). For example, the existence of toxic compounds in the wastewaters during the manufacture of Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * Mohammad Reza Toosi [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Chemistry, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
4
Department of Chemistry, Varamin (Pishva) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
petrochemical intermediates or final products is a main source of water pollution (Estrada-arriaga et al. 2012). These undesirable components are extracted as impurities in different units such as distillation towers, evaporators, and dehydration units. Because of partial chemical stability of these compounds, they remain in natural resources which degrade slightly by the natural reagents such as sunlight, air, and mineral waters resulting in production of several toxic intermediates in the environment
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