Application of SAW and TOPSIS in Prioritizing Watersheds
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Application of SAW and TOPSIS in Prioritizing Watersheds Sarita Gajbhiye Meshram 1,2 & Ehsan Alvandi 3 & Chandrashekhar Meshram 4 & Ercan Kahya 5 & Ayad M. Fadhil Al-Quraishi 6 Received: 27 July 2018 / Accepted: 22 December 2019/ # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract
Prioritization of watersheds for conservation measures is essential for a variety of functions, such as flood control projects in which the determination of top priority areas is an important management decision. The purpose of this study is to examine watershed morphological characteristics and identify critical sub-watersheds, which are prone to be damaged, using Remote Sensing/Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and SAW/ TOPSIS (Simple Additive Weighting/ Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution). Fourteen morphometric parameters were chosen to organize subwatersheds using SAW/TOPSIS, which examines sub-watersheds (as susceptible zones) from the perspective of classification in four priority levels (namely, low, moderate, high and very high levels). The SAW/TOPSIS approach is a useful strategy to find out potential zones provided that the ultimate goal is to achieve successful management strategies, particularly in particular zones where information accessibility is limited and soil assorted variety is high. Without facing with high cost and exercises in futility, subwatersheds could be organized through morphometric parameters in executing conservational measures to save soil and the earth at the same time. In short, our results showed that morphometric parameters are highly efficient in identifying erosion-prone areas. Keywords SAW . TOPSIS . RS and GIS . Morphometric parameters . Prioritization
1 Introduction The total geographical area of India is 328 Mha (million hectares), of which 69 Mha area are critically degraded, and another 106 Mha area are seriously eroded. This endless soil erosion by numerous agents is a serious issue all around the world (Gajbhiye and Sharma 2017). It has been assessed that a total of 16.4 tones/ha of soil has been detached yearly in India due to
* Sarita Gajbhiye Meshram [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Meshram S.G. et al.
various agents of destruction. India’s land resources are under immense pressure since it comprises 2% of the earth geographical area (Singh, 2000). The directly or indirectly morphometric parameters reflect nearly the entire watershed based causative variables influencing rainfall generated runoff and sediment. The surface highlights are the essential analysis units prior to adopting any sophisticated tool to monitor watershed responses in connection to any of hydrologic processes acting on it. Hence these parameters can be used as the basis for determination of watershed development priorities regarding proper soil and water management measures. Analysis of silt load data in India as well as in other parts of the world revealed that all watersheds are not equally susceptible to the erosion (Nikam et
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