Applications of Artificial Intelligence Methodologies to Behavioral and Social Sciences
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Applications of Artificial Intelligence Methodologies to Behavioral and Social Sciences Mihaela Robila
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Stefan A. Robila2
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© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Objectives Although Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been a part of the computer science field for many decades, it has only recently been applied to different areas of behavioral and social sciences. This article provides an examination of the applications of AI methodologies to behavioral and social sciences exploring the areas where they are now utilized, the different tools used and their effectiveness. Methods The study is a systematic research examination of peer-reviewed articles (2010–2019) that used AI methodologies in social and behavioral sciences with a focus on children and families. Results The results indicate that artificial intelligence methodologies have been successfully applied to three main areas of behavioral and social sciences, namely (1) to increase the effectiveness of diagnosis and prediction of different conditions, (2) to increase understanding of human development and functioning, and (3) to increase the effectiveness of data management in different social and human services. Random forests, neural networks, and elastic net are among the most frequent AI methods used for prediction, supplementing traditional approaches, while natural language processing and robotics continue to increase their role in understanding human functioning and improve social services. Conclusions Applications of AI methodologies to behavioral and social sciences provide opportunities and challenges that need to be considered. Recommendations for future research are also included. Keywords Artificial intelligence Behavioral and social sciences Machine learning Families Children ●
John McCarthy introduced the term “artificial intelligence” (AI) in 1955, as “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines” (Hamet and Tremblay 2017). AI is part of the global policy agenda supporting the achievement of the 2030 United Nations (U.N.) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The AI for Good is the U. N. platform for considering the applications of AI in supporting
* Mihaela Robila [email protected] 1
Human Development and Family Science, Department of Family, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, 306G Remsen Hall, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Queens, NY 11367-1597, USA
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Department of Computer Science, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
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strategies to improve the quality of life and sustainability (AI for Good Summit 2018). This and similar platforms, designed to combine human intelligence with a range of artificial intelligence tools (e.g., natural language processing, image analysis), create a significant impact on what humans and machines can do when working together and apply it to society (AI Social Good Services 2019). Although Artificial Intelligence has been a part of the computer science fie
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