Applications of gut microbiota in patients with hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation
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Experimental Hematology & Oncology Open Access
REVIEW
Applications of gut microbiota in patients with hematopoietic stem‑cell transplantation Jifeng Yu1,2† , Hao Sun3†, Weijie Cao1, Lijie Han1, Yongping Song4, Dingming Wan1* and Zhongxing Jiang1*
Abstract Studies of the gut microbiota (GM) have demonstrated the close link between human wellness and intestinal commensal bacteria, which mediate development of the host immune system. The dysbiosis, a disruption of the microbiome natural balance, can cause serious health problems. Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) may cause significant changes in GM due to their underlying malignancies and exposure to extensive chemotherapy and systemic antibiotics, which may lead to different disorders. There are complex and multi-directional interactions among intestinal inflammation, GM and immune reactivity after HSCT. There is considerable effect of the human intestinal microbiome on clinical course following HSCT. Some bacteria in the intestinal ecosystem may be potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for preventing relapse and improving survival rate after HSCT. Microbiota can be used as predictor of mortality in allo-HSCT. Two different strategies with targeted modulation of GM, preemptive and therapeutic, have been used for preventing or treating GM dysbiosis in patients with HSCT. Preemptive strategies include enteral nutrition (EN), prebiotic, probiotic, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and antibiotic strategies, while therapeutic strategies include FMT, probiotic and lactoferrine usages. In this review, we summarize the advance of therapies targeting GM in patients with HSCT. Keywords: Targeted modulation therapy, Gut microbiota, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) Introduction Thousands of different species of micobiome are colonized at different sites of human body and play a key role in maintaining our health or promoting disease [1]. Studies of the gut microbiota (GM) have demonstrated the close link between human wellness and intestinal commensal bacteria, which mediate development of the host immune system [2]. The dysbiosis, a disruption of the microbiome natural balance, can cause serious health problems [3, 4]. Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) may cause significant changes in GM due to their underlying malignancies and exposure to extensive chemotherapy and *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Jifeng Yu and Hao Sun contributed equally to this work 1 Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
systemic antibiotics, which may lead to biological disorders. Studies have shown that there are complex and multi-directional interactions among intestinal inflammation, GM and immune reactivity after HSCT. There is mounting evidence for the considerable effect of the human intestinal microbiome on clin
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