Arc Contraction Behavior of GMA Welding Process Based on Change of Arc Length at Hyperbaric Air Condition

The underwater hyperbaric dry GMA welding method is one of the best emergency maintenance methods for underwater structures. With the increase of ambient pressure, GMA welding quality decreases. The main reason is that GMA welding arc shrinks under high p

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Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing Editors-in-Chief Shanben Chen Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China

Yuming Zhang, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA

Zhili Feng, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, USA

Honorary Editors G. Cook, USA K. L. Moore, USA Ji-Luan Pan, PRC S. A. David, USA

S. J. Na, KOR Lin Wu, PRC Y. Hirata, JAP J. Norrish, AUS

T. Lienert, USA T. J. Tarn, USA

X. Q. Chen, NZL

D. Du, PRC X. D. Jiao, PRC

Guest Editors H. P. Chen, USA J. C. Feng, PRC H. J. Li, AUS

D. Hong, USA W. Zhou, SGP

D. Fan, PRC I. Lopez-Juarez, MEX

Regional Editors Australia: Z. X. Pan, AUS Europe: S. Konovalov, RUS

Asia: L. X. Zhang, PRC America: Y. K. Liu, USA

Associate Editors Q. X. Cao, PRC B. H. Chang, PRC J. Chen, USA H. B. Chen, PRC S. J. Chen, PRC X. Z. Chen, PRC A.-K. Christiansson, SWE Z. G. Li, PRC X. M. Hua, PRC

Y. Huang, USA S. Konovalov, RUS W. H. Li, PRC X. R. Li, USA Y. K. Liu, USA L. M. Liu, PRC H. Lu, PRC Z. Luo, PRC G. H. Ma, PRC

Pedro Neto, PRT G. Panoutsos, UK Z. X. Pan, AUS X. D. Peng, NL Y. Shi, PRC J. Wu, USA J. X. Xue, PRC L. J. Yang, PRC M. Wang, PRC

S. Wang, PRC X. W. Wang, PRC Z. Z. Wang, PRC G. J. Zhang, PRC H. Zhang, B, PRC H. Zhang, N, PRC L. X. Zhang, PRC W. J. Zhang, USA

S. L. Wang, PRC J. Xiao, PRC J. J. Xu, PRC Y. L. Xu, PRC C. Yu, PRC

H. W. Yu, PRC K. Zhang, PRC W. Z. Zhang, PRC Z. F. Zhang, PRC

Academic Assistant Editors J. Cao, PRC B. Chen, PRC Y. Luo, PRC N. Lv, PRC F. Li, PRC

S. B. Lin, PRC Y. Shao, USA Y. Tao, PRC J. J. Wang, PRC H. Y. Wang, PRC

Editorial Staff Executive Editor (Manuscript and Publication): Responsible Editors (Academic and Technical):

Dr. Yan Zhang, PRC Dr. Na Lv, PRC Dr. Jing Wu, USA

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15698

Shanben Chen Yuming Zhang Zhili Feng •



Editors

Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing Volume III No. 2 2019

123

Editors Shanben Chen Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China Zhili Feng Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN, USA

Yuming Zhang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA

ISSN 2520-8519 ISSN 2520-8527 (electronic) Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing ISBN 978-981-15-6921-0 ISBN 978-981-15-6922-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6922-7 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that s