Archaeogenetic study of prehistoric rice remains from Thailand and India: evidence of early japonica in South and Southe
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Archaeogenetic study of prehistoric rice remains from Thailand and India: evidence of early japonica in South and Southeast Asia Cristina Cobo Castillo & Katsunori Tanaka & Yo-Ichiro Sato & Ryuji Ishikawa & Bérénice Bellina & Charles Higham & Nigel Chang & Rabi Mohanty & Mukund Kajale & Dorian Q Fuller
Received: 8 October 2014 / Accepted: 4 March 2015 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015
Abstract We report a successful extraction and sequencing of ancient DNA from carbonized rice grains (Oryza sativa) from six archaeological sites, including two from India and four from Thailand, ranging in age from ca. 2500 to 1500 BP. In total, 221 archaeological grains were processed by PCR amplification and primary-targeted fragments were sequenced for comparison with modern sequences generated from 112 modern rice populations, including crop and wild varieties. Our results include the genetic sequences from both the chloroplast and the nuclear genomes, based on four markers from the chloroplast Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12520-015-0236-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. C. C. Castillo : D. Q. Fuller (*) Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, UK e-mail: [email protected] K. Tanaka : R. Ishikawa Hirosaki University, 1 Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8560, Japan Y.2.5, whereas japonica rice is 2.2 indicate indica-type rice and ratios
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