Archaeology of the Communist Era A Political History of Archaeology

This book contributes to better recognition and comprehension of the interconnection between archaeology and political pressure, especially imposed by the totalitarian communist regimes. It explains why, under such political conditions, some archaeologica

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Archaeology of the Communist Era A Political History of Archaeology of the 20th Century

Archaeology of the Communist Era

Ludomir R. Lozny Editor

Archaeology of the Communist Era A Political History of Archaeology of the 20th Century

Editor Ludomir R. Lozny Hunter College New York, NY, USA

ISBN 978-3-319-45106-0    ISBN 978-3-319-45108-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-45108-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016954646 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface

In the 1980s, almost one third of the global population lived in Communist-ruled countries, but in 1991 the socioeconomic system fueled by communist ideology has failed. This collapse is epitomized by the fall of the Soviet Union. Currently, a handful of governments are run by communists (China, North Korea, Cuba, Vietnam, and Laos), and some, China and to some extent Cuba, modified their ideological base. Thus, with the exception of North Korea, the case studies presented in this book refer to the times before 1991. Two groups of issues are discussed here: first—Marxist-inspired archaeological theory and methodology, which contributed to an original approach to interpret the social past, and second—government-imposed policies and pressures to control archaeological practice and interpretations of the past. Therefore, the book is not just another evaluation of “Marxist archaeology” (cf. Spriggs 1984; McGuire 1992; Trigger 1993), but reports on a political history of archaeology during the communist era in selected countries. It is a synchronic, predominantly qualitative and inductive account of what I call “political ecology of archaeology under communism,” in which a clear focus on causal relations between access to power a