Arctic and Alpine Biodiversity: Patterns, Causes and Ecosystem Consequences
As human populations expand and have increasing access to technol ogy, two general environmental concerns have arisen. First, human pop ulations are having increasing impact on the earth system, such that we are altering the biospheric carbon pools, bas
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Edited by
O.L. Lange, Wiirzburg, FRG H.A. Mooney, Stanford, USA
Ecological Studies Volumes published since 1989 are listed at the end of this book
F. Stuart Chapin III Christian Korner (Eds.)
Arctic and Alpine Biodiversity: Patterns, Causes and Ecosystem Consequences
With 68 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest
Prof. Dr. F. Stuart Chapin III Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley, CA 94720-3140 USA Prof. Dr. Christian Korner Department of Botany University of Basel SchonbeinstraBe 6 4056 Basel Switzerland
Design of the cover illustration by Mark W. Chapin
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-78968-7 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-78966-3 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-78966-3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Arctic and alpine biodiversity: patterns, causes, and ecosystem consequences/F. Stuart Chapin III and Christian Korner/eds.) p. cm. - (Ecological studies; vol. 113) Based on papers from a workshop held in Kongsvold, Norway, Aug. 17-20, 1993. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-B: 978-3-642-78968-7 I. Biotic communities - Arctic regions - Congresses. 2. Mountain ecology - Congresses. 3. Biological diversity - Congresses. 4. Plant communities - Arctic regions - Ecology - Congresses. 5. Mountain plants - Ecology - Congresses. I. Chapin, F. Stuart (F. Stuart), III. II. Komer, Christian. III. Series: Ecological studies; v. 113. QH84. l.A7 1995574.5' 2621 - dc20 94-40221 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from SpringerVerlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1995
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1995
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Preface
As human populations expand and have increasing access to technology, two general environmental concerns have arisen. First, human populations are having increasing impact on the earth system, such that we are altering the biospheric carbon pools, basic processes of elemental cycling and the climate system of the earth. Because of time lags and feedbacks, these processes are not easily reversed. These alterations are occurring now more rapidly than at any time in the last several million ye
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