Argument Encoding in Japanese Conversation
Japanese is well known for its array of argument encoding types - but how is speakers' choice of encoding types to be described? This book investigates the encoding of subject and direct object in conversational Japanese and attempts to explain Japanese a
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Argument Encoding in Japanese Conversation Mitsuaki Shimojo
© Mitsuaki Shimojo 2005 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2005 978-1-4039-3705-6 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2005 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-51901-9 ISBN 978-0-230-50538-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230505384 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shimojo, Mitsuaki, 1966– Argument encoding in Japanese conversation / Mitsuaki Shimojo. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Japanese language – Discourse analysis. analysis – Japan. I. Title. PL640.5.S56 2004 495.6¢0141–dc22
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Contents List of Tables
vii
Acknowledgements
xi
Notes on Transcriptions
xii
List of Abbreviations
xiv
1
1 2 14
Introduction 1.1 Four argument types and six encoding types 1.2 Saliency, activation, and attention 1.3 Episodic memory and mental processing instructions 1.4 Saliency and subject
2 Previous Studies on the Six Argument Encoding Types 2.1 Wa and ga: a contrast in pragmatic focus 2.2 Zero anaphor, ga, and wa: referential progression 2.3 Contrastive wa 2.4 Wa for nonsubjects 2.5 Grammatical properties of wa 2.6 Grammatical properties of the zero particle 2.7 Syntactic and semantic factors in zero particle use 2.8 Functional properties of the zero particle 2.9 Functional properties of o 2.10 Ga and o: the split case marking 2.11 Post-predicative encoding 2.12 Summary
18 20 24 24 26 28 32 34 37 39 41 45 50 51 54
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Conversational Japanese Data 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Identification of arguments 3.3 Overview of tokens 3.4 Saliency and argument types
55 55 59 63 68
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