Arteries and Arterial Blood Flow
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ARTERIES AND ARTERIAL BLOOD FLOW
EDITED BY
C.M. RODKIEWICZ UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA
SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN GMBH
This volume contains 199 fJgUres.
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks.
© 1983 by Springer-Verlag Wien Originally published by Springer-Verlag Wien New York in 1983
ISBN 978-3-211-81635-6 DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-4342-1
ISBN 978-3-7091-4342-1 (eBook)
PREFACE
With the ever increasing quality and volume of human knowledge we also arrive at a better understanding of our own health problems. This is particularly true in medical and paramedical research. Since diseases and defects of the human cardiovascular system remain one of the most important causes of troubles and death, researchers are expanding considerable enerf(y to understand this complex system. Late Professor W. Olszak recognized t~e importance of this branch of learning and was instrumental in the organization of the International Seminar on "Engineering and Medical Aspects of the Arterial Blood Flow" in Udine, of which this book is part of The book contents provide an exposition of the standard concepts and their application as well as provide some recent research and its results. The material is arranged in five chapters. Chapter I concerns the blood rheology and its implication in the flow of blood. This is studied as dominated by plasma viscosity, hematocrit and red cell properties, namely aggregability and deformability. Quantitative models of highly concentrated suspensions, which exhibit shear-thinning, thixotropy and viscoelasticity are discussed. Annular (two phase) flow models are developed for analyzing blood flow in narrow vessels. Some examples in clinical application are given. Chapter II deals with the arterial walls. The geometry and mechanical properties of blood vessels of the cardiovascular system are discussed in detail. Mathematical descriptions are presented and compared with experimental work. The time dependence is treated both in terms of quasilinear elasticity, continuous relaxation spectra, and general nonlinear viscoelasticity theory. Chapter III briefly introduces the dynamics of fluid filled tubes. Initial value problems are considered f~r fluid filled elastic and viscoelastic tubes. Material properties are chosen which are appropriate for biological applications. Numerical techniques for the inversion of integral transforms, which arise in the analysis, are discussed and numerical results are presented. Chapter IV concerns the .small arteries and the interaction with the cardiovascular system. This chapter describes and defines the properties of the microcirculation: the
;; physical properties of the wall, the contractibility, the flow and pressure in the small vessels and the transcappillary movement of the fluid. Special parts of the circulation (particularly of coro
