Artificial Intelligence Based Early Warning System for Coastal Disasters
Disaster indicates a serious disruption or deviation from the norm that generally occurs for a short period of time and affects the community and society as a whole by way of widespread harm or damage to humans, wildlife, environment, infrastructure and e
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oduction Abundant sea resources, along with ease of trade and transport, has always been the main reason for human settlements in coastal areas. Although coastal areas appear to be attractive settling grounds, they are also one of the most impacted and disturbed ecosystems world-wide, as they are sensitive to many disasters and risks (Adger et al. 2005). High winds resulting in cyclones and submarine-earthquakes initiating strong tidal waves or tsunami are the major coastal disasters which are responsible for loss of life and infrastructural damage in coastal areas (Finkl and Makowski 2005). Coastal disaster management systems assume utmost importance as means for improving the resilience of the affected populations. It is therefore necessary to have early warning systems (EWSs) in order to address
R. Lamsal (*) • T. V. Vijay Kumar School of Computer and Systems Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India Special Centre for Disaster Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India © The Author(s) 2020 A. Singh et al. (eds.), Development in Coastal Zones and Disaster Management, Disaster Research and Management Series on the Global South, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4294-7_21
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potential disastrous events like in-city flooding due to underwater seismic activity. Natural hazards are inevitable and addressing them depends on optimum utilization of resources and human settlement in the coastal areas (Diamond and Ordunio 1999; Sidle et al. 2004). More than 0.6 billion people, that is, around 10% of the world’s population in 2017, lived in coastal areas, which are less than 10 meters above sea level (United Nations 2017). According to UN Population Division ( 2001), the population of people living in, and near, coastal areas is likely to reach more than 3 billion by 2025. These areas are more vulnerable to rising sea levels, resulting in inundations, and encroachment of tidal waters into estuaries and river systems. Moreover, coastal areas are also equally exposed to transmission of marine-related infectious diseases. Due to the ongoing trend in human settlements in coastal areas and pressure on the ecosystem, community resilience should form the main focus for sustainable livelihood in those areas (Duxbury and Dickinson 2007). Two-thirds of hazards recorded each year in coastal areas are associated with extreme weather events, such as storms and floods, which are likely to result in more persuasive threats because of anthropogenic changes in the Earth’s climate and the rise in sea levels (Adger et al. 2005). Out of the 1.28 billion population of India, the total population of people living in the coastal districts is 171 million (Database on Coastal States of India 2017). Since almost 14% of people in India reside in coastal areas, there should be proper implementation of possible management measures for addressing the four phases of a disaster, namely mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Disaster mitigation deals with reducing the risk of o
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