Artificial Rearing of Reduviid Predators for Pest Management
This eye-opening book focuses on the development of techniques to mass-produce reduviid predators and important generalist predators, an endeavor that won’t prove sufficient if the cost of commercialization is prohibitive. Advancing mass production to the
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tificial Rearing of Reduviid Predators for Pest Management
Artificial Rearing of Reduviid Predators for Pest Management
K. Sahayaraj • R. Balasubramanian
Artificial Rearing of Reduviid Predators for Pest Management
K. Sahayaraj St. Xavier’s College, Palayamkottai Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
R. Balasubramanian National Institute of Virology Alappuzha, Kerala, India
ISBN 978-981-10-2521-1 ISBN 978-981-10-2522-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2522-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016955046 © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #22-06/08 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Preface
The Reduviidae are members of the suborder Heteroptera of the order Hemiptera. Reduviids (Insecta, Hemiptera, Reduviidae) are general, polyphagous predatory insect and cosmopolitan biocontrol agent worldwide. The family are almost all predatory, except for a minority that are blood-sucking species of importance as disease vectors. About 7,000 species have been described, making it one of the largest families in the Hemiptera. They dwelled in all plantation crops including forest and social forest. Reduviids are efficient predators on insect pests of crops, playing a significant role in keeping pest populations in check. Some important biological control agents are Platymeris laevicollis Distant, Zelus renardii Kolenati, Rhynocoris marginatus (Fab.), Rhynocoris kumarii Ambrose and Livingstone, Rhynocoris fuscipes (Fab.), Pristhesancus plagipennis Walker, Blaptostethus pallescens Poppius, Acanthaspis pedestris (Stål), Catamiarus brevipennis (Serville), Ectomocoris tibialis (Distant), etc. But, why culture reduviid predators? For biocontrol agent, does the instinctive answer—high growth and multiplication rate, short life spans,
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