Asian Energy Security The Maritime Dimension

The main focus of the contributors of this volume is to analyze closely major aspects of energy security, energy diplomacy, and maritime security in East and Southeast Asia. Specifically, they examine the current state of energy security and maritime secu

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Asian Energy Security The Maritime Dimension Edited by Hongyi Lai

ASIAN ENERGY SECURITY

Copyright © Hongyi Lai, 2009. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 978-0-230-60642-5 All rights reserved. First published in 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-0-230-61960-9 (eBook) ISBN 978-1-349-37372-7 DOI 10.1057/9780230619609 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: March 2009 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America.

Contents

Acknowledgments 1. Introduction: Understanding and Enhancing Energy and Maritime Security in Asia Hongyi Lai

vii 1

2. China’s Oil Diplomacy in Asia Hongyi Lai

27

3. Security of China’s Energy Imports Hongyi Lai

49

4. China’s Mercantilist Oil Strategy and its Implications for U.S.–China Relations Yuanming Alvin Yao

79

5. Japan’s Energy Diplomacy and Maritime Security in East Asia Peng Er Lam

115

6. The Maritime Dimension of Energy Security in East Asia: Legal Implications Keyuan Zou

135

7. Traffic Pattern, Safety, and Security in the Straits of Malacca Takashi Ichioka

157

8. Piracy and Energy Security in Southeast Asian Waters Ke Xu

183

9. The Security of Sea Lanes in Southeast Asia Joshua H. Ho

205

List of Contributors

227

Index

231

Acknowledgments

The topic of energy security and related maritime security is not only highly relevant for today’s world facing relatively high oil prices, as the price of Dubai crude oil (destined for Asia) per barrel rose steadily from $12 in 1997 to $68 in 2007 and even surpassed $140 in some periods in 2008; it is also meaningful for regional integration in East Asia. Chapters two–six in the volume originated from presentations delivered at the workshops and meetings for the Network of East Asian Thinktanks (NEAT) Working Group on Energy Security Cooperation in East Asia in Singapore in 2005 and 2006. As the editor I thank the following individuals or institutions for respective reasons—Professor John Wong at the East Asian Institute (EAI) of National University of Singapore for launching the energy project for the working group; the EAI administrative staff for arranging the workshops and meetings for the NEAT working group; participants at the workshops and meetings for their feedbacks; the EAI for hosting my visit in the