Aspergillus alliaceus infection fatally shifts Orobanche hormones and phenolic metabolism
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BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL PATHOGENESIS - RESEARCH PAPER
Aspergillus alliaceus infection fatally shifts Orobanche hormones and phenolic metabolism Mehmet Aybeke 1 Received: 27 January 2020 / Accepted: 17 April 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia 2020
Abstract In this study, the physio pathological effects of Aspergillus alliaceus (Aa, fungi, biocontrol agent) on Orobanche (parasitic plant) were investigated by hormone and phenolic substance tests. In experimental group, Orobanches were treated with the fungi, considering control group was fungus-free. Based on the hormonal tests, in the experimental group, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) levels significantly decreased, and only indole acetic acid (IAA) hormone levels were fairly higher than the control group. According to phenolic substance tests, it was found that only gallic acid, syringic acid and caffeic acid values significantly increased compared with control, and catechin and p-coumaric acid values were significantly lower. Consequently, it was determined that Aa pathogenesis (1) considerably reduces the effects of all defence hormones (JA, ABA, SA), (2) operates an inadequate defence based solely on the IAA hormone and several phenolic substances (gallic acid, syringic acid and caffeic acid), (3) and inevitably the fungi lead the Orobanche to a slow and continuous death. The results were evaluated in detail in the light of similar recent article and current literature in terms of biocontrol and pathology. Keywords Phytoparasite . Herbicide . Asteraceae . Phelipanche . Mycoherbicide . Bioherbicide
Introduction Orobanche (Broomrape) is a parasitic plant that is rooted in various plants such as tomatoes, sunflowers, cotton, tobacco and eggplants and it is widely found in the fields of Asia, Mediterranean and Europe [1, 2]. As the plant is holoparasite, it provides all water and nutrients from its host [3]. And naturally, Orobanche is one of the most problematic and hard to fight parasites in the world agriculture [4] and it causes to increasing rates of yield losses every year. Although many methods have been applied around the world, including cultural, agricultural, prevention, biological, mechanical and chemicals, no effective control has not been found yet. Chemical control, in particular, has prevented more Orobanche parasitism than others. For instance, better results were obtained from especially herbicides with chloritfuron and triasulfuron, in the fight Responsible Editor: Acacio Aparecido Navarrete. * Mehmet Aybeke [email protected] 1
Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Balkan Campus, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
against Orobanche aegyptiaca in tomato production [5]. Moreover, imidazolinone herbicides from synthetic compounds are useful at this point. However, these chemicals have negative effects to the environment and human health. Therefore, alternative new practices are needed in the fight against parasitic Orobanche [6]. The healthiest remedy is the use of
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