Assessment of Cleaning Conservation Interventions on Architectural Surfaces Using an Integrated Methodology
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Assessment of Cleaning Conservation Interventions on Architectural Surfaces Using an Integrated Methodology Antonia Moropoulou, Ekaterini T. Delegou, Nicolas P. Avdelidis and Maria Koui National Technical University of Athens, Department of Chemical Engineering, Section of Materials Science and Engineering, 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zografou, Athens, Greece ABSTRACT In this work, pilot cleaning interventions applied by a wet micro-blasting method on architectural surfaces of three historic buildings in marble and porous stone were evaluated in situ and in the laboratory. The investigation was performed on characteristic stone surfaces (marbles and porous stone) of the following historic buildings: Athens Academy and National Library of Greece in Athens center polluted urban environment and Bank of Greece in Piraeus marine environment. The materials of the facades were characterized, and the mechanism of decay was diagnosed. In addition, the cleaning method’s efficiency was evaluated based on the acceptability of the alteration of the cleaned architectural surfaces. Criteria were both aesthetic and physico-chemical. In particular, the architectural surfaces were examined in situ by the means of fiber optic microscopy, infrared thermography and colorimetry. In the laboratory, methods of investigation were optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion by X-ray analysis, mercury intrusion porosimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, conductivity and pH measurements. The majority of measurements and analyses were applied before and after the pilot cleaning interventions. Finally, the results of this study contribute to the development of an integrated methodology for the assessment of cleaning interventions applied on architectural surfaces. INTRODUCTION Very few studies evaluate the techniques used to assess the results of cleaning, while scientific societies have not yet established common evaluation criteria for cleaning interventions [1]. In this work, efficiency of a general cleaning method is evaluated, after its application to several architectural surfaces of various materials and decay patterns, using in situ and in lab predetermined techniques, which ascribe also predetermined physicochemical and esthetical surface characteristics. The main aim was to study the physico-chemical and aesthetical parameters, which determine the characteristics of an architectural surface, and how such parameters alter after the pilot cleaning interventions. Therefore, studying of a) surface morphology concerning the decay patterns’ removal, possible by-products/side effects of the cleaning method and roughness, b) moisture, and c) color, was attempted. These characteristics were examined, before and after cleaning. FOM, identified and classified the presented decay patterns, studied the surface morphology regarding roughness and the decay patterns’ successful removal, and provided supplementary information as far as the mineralogical study is concerned. IR-Th qualitati
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