Assessment of indoor air quality for a better preventive conservation of some French museums and monuments
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Assessment of indoor air quality for a better preventive conservation of some French museums and monuments Pauline Uring 1
&
Anne Chabas 1 & Stéphane Alfaro 1 & Mickaël Derbez 2
Received: 25 December 2019 / Accepted: 22 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Indoor air quality in museums and historical buildings is of great concern for curators, since it can be a source of various alterations on artworks. In spite of their importance, very few studies study simultaneously the concentration of main gaseous pollutants, the composition of suspended (PM), and deposited (DPM) particulate matter. The aim of this article is to carry out a first environmental assessment in French museums or monuments. Three sites representative of contrasting environments (urban, marine, semi-rural) have been selected: the Cluny Museum (Paris), the Villa Kérylos (Beaulieu-sur-Mer), and the Château de Fontainebleau. The main results show that the input of terrigenous particles (calcite, clay) due to the surrounding restoration works dominates in Cluny; the external environment (O3, RH, and marine particles) influences the interior atmosphere of the Villa Kérylos and the deliquescence of the deposited salts; against all expectations, anthropogenic particles (mascagnite and soot) are largely dominant in Fontainebleau. They are emitted in winter, when the warm, pulsating air gets dirty as it passes through the old heating ducts. This research shows the importance of particle mixtures in the environmental signature of the sites. These mixtures must be taken into account in order to reproduce indoor atmospheres in simulation chambers to achieve realistic artificial aging. This study also makes it possible to target the sources of pollution on which to act. Keywords Cultural heritage . Dust . Indoor air quality . Microclimate . Gaseous pollutants . Particulate matter
Introduction Many precious artifacts are preserved and displayed to the public in museums and monuments. Given their high artistic and historical value, such works of art must be safeguarded against the effects of microclimate, the direct impact of gaseous indoor pollutants, and the infiltration of gaseous outdoor pollutants. Microclimatic conditions were first identified as being a source of mechanical fatigue, mold growth, and enhanced degradation rates (Mecklenburg and Tumosa 1999; Camuffo Responsible Editor: Michel Sablier * Pauline Uring [email protected] 1
LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil, Université de Paris, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, LISA - 61, av du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil CEDEX, France
2
Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, Observatoire de la Qualité de l’Air Intérieur, Université Paris-Est, 84, avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77477 Marne la Vallée CEDEX 2, France
2014). This topic has been extensively studied (Camuffo et al. 2001; Silva and Henriques 2014; Litti et al. 2017; VarasMuriel and Fort 2018; Aste et al. 2019) and the monitoring of the temper
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