Assessment of left atrial function in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by using two- dimensional speckle tracking echo
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(2020) 16:344
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Assessment of left atrial function in feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by using two- dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography Arisara Kiatsilapanan and Sirilak Disatian Surachetpong*
Abstract Background: Left atrial (LA) function plays an important role in diastolic dysfunction in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) is a technique for assessing LA function. This study aimed to evaluate the LA function in HCM cats compared to normal cats, using 2D-STE. Results: Seventeen client-owned cats affected with HCM and twenty healthy control cats were studied. Conventional echocardiographic and 2D-STE variables were measured and compared between groups (control and HCM groups). Variability of the peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) displayed good reproducibility with 4.7% intraobserver and 14% inter-observer repeatability. The mean value of PALS in the HCM group (13.16 ± 8.64) was lower than that in the control group (28.54 ± 10.31) (P < 0.001). PALS was lowest in the LA roof region. The atrial longitudinal strains of septal and lateral regions were significantly lower in the HCM group than in the normal group. The PALS correlated with the percentage of the LA fractional shortening (LA-FS) (r = 0.538, P = 0.001), the percentage of the LA ejection fraction (LA-EF) (r = 0.797, P < 0.001), and the LA fractional area change (FAC) (r = 0.746, P < 0.001). Conclusions: PALS is a feasible and reproducible method to evaluate the LA function in cats affected with HCM. Keywords: Cats, Heart, Left atrium, Strain
Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most common myocardial diseases. The prevalence of HCM in cats was approximately 10–15% in cats and increased with age [1–4]. The American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus guideline of cardiomyopathies in cats suggests that left ventricular wall thickness during diastole of ≥ 6 is indicative of left ventricular hypertrophy [5, 6]. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is associated with diastolic dysfunction [5]. An advanced * Correspondence: [email protected] Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand
diastolic dysfunction is related to clinical signs [2]. Some HCM cats may develop congestive heart failure, arterial thromboembolism, and sudden death [3, 7]. The left atrium (LA) plays an important role in cardiac performance through its three phasic functions: reservoir, conduit, and booster pump functions [8–12]. The first is the reservoir phase, in which the LA obtains blood from the pulmonary venous flow during the left ventricular systole. The second is the conduit phase, when the LA transfers blood passively into the left ventricle during early diastole. The final phase is the booster pump, which represents LA contraction during the late diastole [8–12]. Assessment of LA size is the most
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