Assessment of Load Modeling in Power System Security Analysis Based on Static Security Regions
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Assessment of Load Modeling in Power System Security Analysis Based on Static Security Regions Felipe C. B. Almeida · João A. Passos Filho · José L. R. Pereira · Ricardo M. Henriques · André L. M. Marcato
Received: 3 August 2011 / Revised: 8 January 2012 / Accepted: 8 March 2012 / Published online: 26 March 2013 © Brazilian Society for Automatics–SBA 2013
Abstract The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the influence of load modeling, using the well-known ZIP model, in the steady-state analysis of electrical power systems. This evaluation is performed through the use of static security regions, which efficiently show the security conditions of different dispatches of generation groups, considering a constant demand. In the first part, this work presents the whole construction process of these regions in detail. Then, the use of load modeling is investigated by analyzing two systems. The first system, a small-scale tutorial system, is formed by 9 buses and the second one represents a simplified equivalent of the South Brazilian System, having 34 buses. Keywords Load modeling · ZIP model · Power system security · Static security region · Steady-state analysis · Power flow 1 Introduction The development of electric power systems (EPS) due to the continuous growth of electric power demand and the need of system reliability improvement, as well as the need for costs reduction, resulted in an ever-greater interconnection among existing generating systems. Interconnected systems are advantageous because they allow for energy gains through the coordination of hydrothermal operation, F. C. B. Almeida · J. A. Passos Filho (B) · J. L. R. Pereira · A. L. M. Marcato Federal University of Juiz de Fora – UFJF, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, Juiz de Fora, MG CEP 36.036-330, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] R. M. Henriques Electric Energy Research Center – CEPEL, Avenida Horácio de Macedo, 354, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 21.941-911, Brazil
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which ensures better hydrological use among existing basins (hydrological complementarity). Moreover, other advantages can be exemplified, such as guaranteeing frequency control in case of sudden generation loss, mutual assistance among subsystems, and commercial operations, among others. On the other hand, with the increase of these interconnections, there is a risk of propagation of electrical disturbances through the transmission system and consequently the risk of network blackouts increases significantly. In Pourbeik et al. (2006) some recent major blackouts are analyzed and some of the root causes and dynamics of such catastrophic events are discussed. Therefore, detailed planning of large-scale systems operation is necessary so that the performance achieved is consistent with quality and safety requirements. From this point of view, it is possible to note that the development and improvement of computational tools to facilitate fast analyses of the steady state and stability security conditions are of great importance for EPS in order to ensure secure operation of these systems. In
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