Assessment of predominant bacteria in noble pen shell ( Pinna nobilis ) collected in the Eastern Adriatic Sea
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Assessment of predominant bacteria in noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis) collected in the Eastern Adriatic Sea Željko Pavlinec & Ivana Giovanna Zupičić & Dražen Oraić & Bruna Petani & Bosiljka Mustać & Željko Mihaljević & Relja Beck & Snježana Zrnčić
Received: 23 March 2020 / Accepted: 5 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis) is an endemic species and the largest known bivalve in the Mediterranean Sea. By filtering large amounts of water, they maintain a high percentage of organic matter, hence playing an important role in the marine ecosystem. The ecological community of pen shells is impressive, and there are numerous microorganisms present in its soft tissues. Since this species is highly endangered due to recently described mass mortalities throughout the Mediterranean, this study was aimed at finding out more about its microbiome. In this study, we identified the predominant bacterial populations of specimens collected at three separate locations along the Eastern Adriatic coast. The predominant bacteria were isolated and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to identify eight different bacterial genera: Aestuariibacter Ž. Pavlinec (*) : I. G. Zupičić : D. Oraić : S. Zrnčić Laboratory for Fish Pathology, Department for Pathological Morphology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, Zagreb, Croatia e-mail: [email protected]
: B. Mustać
B. Petani Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, Trg Kneza Višeslava 9, Zadar, Croatia Ž. Mihaljević Laboratory for Pathology, Department for Pathological Morphology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, Zagreb, Croatia R. Beck Laboratory for Parasitology, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, Zagreb, Croatia
sp., Aliivibrio sp., Alteromonas sp., Marinobacter sp., Pseudoalteromonas sp., Rubritalea sp., Thalassospira sp. and the Vibrio splendidus clade. The identified genera are ubiquitous in the marine environment and have previously been described as both beneficial symbionts and potential pathogens in other molluscs. There was a clear difference in the predominant bacterial populations between northern and southern sampling sites, which could be linked to water temperature. These findings indicate the need for expanded sampling over a longer time period, since more exhaustive research would provide information vital to the conservation of this critically endangered species. Keywords Symbiosis . Endosymbiont . Mollusc . Bivalve . Microbiome
Introduction Noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis, L. 1758) is an endemic species and the largest known bivalve in the Mediterranean Sea. Shell length can reach over a meter (Vicente and Moreteau 1991; Zavodnik et al. 1991), but is commonly between 20 and 80 cm (Poppe and Goto 1993). They inhabit near shore areas at depths between 0.5 and 60 m, partially vertically buried (Morton and Puljas 2019), where the bottom is covered with fine sand or sand mixed with mud, overgrown with meadows of
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