Assessment of procedural skills training and performance in anesthesia using cumulative sum analysis (cusum)
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SPECIAL ARTICLE
Assessment of procedural skills training and performance in anesthesia using cumulative sum analysis (cusum) E´valuation de la formation en habilete´s techniques et de la performance en anesthe´sie au moyen de l’analyse des sommes cumule´es (cusum) Tim Starkie, BMBS • Elizabeth J. Drake, BM Received: 19 April 2013 / Accepted: 25 September 2013 / Published online: 16 November 2013 Canadian Anesthesiologists’ Society 2013
Abstract Purpose The current methods (work based assessments and logbooks) used to assess procedural competency and performance have well-documented deficiencies. Cumulative sum analysis (cusum), a statistical method that generates performance graphs over time, is an alternative tool that is not currently widely used. The purpose of this review is to investigate its current role in anesthetic procedural skills training and performance. Source A literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASETM, BNI, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, NHS Evidence, and the Trip database was performed in October 2012. All papers using cusum to investigate performance in anesthetic procedural skills were included. Their references were searched manually to identify any additional studies. Principal findings Thirteen papers were identified. The procedural skills they investigated could be split broadly into three groups: ultrasound skills, airway and cannulation, and regional anesthesia. All papers had small sample sizes (\ 30), with most researching novice Author contributions Both authors have made substantial contributions to this work, and editing of the final drafts was undertaken together. Below is a breakdown of the main author for each section. Tim Starkie: implication statement, abstract, introduction, regional anesthesia (majority), airway and cannulation skills (majority), ultrasound skills first paragraph, the pitfalls of cusum (majority), use of cusum for quality control in anesthesia (majority). Elizabeth Drake: literature review, regional anesthesia paragraph 4, airway and cannulation skills last paragraph, ultrasound skills (majority), discussion (majority), summary of papers (Table 1) and Table 2. T. Starkie, BMBS (&) E. J. Drake, BM Department of Anesthesia, Derriford Hospital, Derriford Road, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK e-mail: [email protected]
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trainee performance. Wide ranges were seen in the number of procedures required to achieve cusum-defined procedural competency. These were due to differences in definitions of success/failure of a procedure, the acceptable and unacceptable failure rates used for the initial cusum calculation, and individual trainee performance. Conclusion Cusum can be used to assess procedural competency, but several problems need to be overcome before it can become a universally accepted method. It is ideally placed to be used as a quality control tool for a trained individual and could also be used to assess the impact of new training methods or equipment on performance. Re´sume´ Objectif Les me´thodes actuelles (e´valuations du travail accompli et registres) utili
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