Assessment of sustainability indicators for Iranian fisheries management (case study of Persian Gulf)
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Assessment of sustainability indicators for Iranian fisheries management (case study of Persian Gulf) E. Ghorbanian1 · M. Zibaei1 Received: 11 June 2019 / Accepted: 9 December 2019 © Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract The Persian Gulf Iranian fishery, just like many marine fisheries, needs sustainable management. The assessment of the sustainability of the fishery requires the development of a set of local indicators. This paper used an integrated multi-criteria participatory framework as a decision-making approach, to evaluate sustainability relating to ecological, economic, social, technological, and management dimensions. The indicators were modified from appropriate tools such as Rapfish and other reference studies. The determination of the importance of sustainability indicators was performed based on local stakeholders’ opinions in the Persian Gulf, Iran. Three groups of stakeholders in this field have included fishers, managers, and researchers. Also, cognitive mapping as a soft methodology was applied to useful tools, for the assessment of the perceived linkage among indicators. The result of the assessment was analyzed and provided an overview for understanding the decisionmaking process and how to achieve sustainable fishery management in Iran. Keywords Sustainability dimensions and indicators · Iranian fisheries · Stakeholders · Participatory multi-criteria analysis
1 Introduction Fishery is an important activity in terms of trade, income, livelihoods, food security, and nutrition (Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) 2016; Pauly et al. 2002; Chuenpagdee et al. 2006; Garcia and Rosenberg 2010; Allison 2011), especially to fishing communities living close to the coast. Therefore, fishery is an essential part of sustainable development goals (Environmental Performance Index Report (EPI) 2018). High-level experts emphasize on the enormous potential of the oceans and seas for wielding so much influence in proffering solution to one of the greatest humanitarian crises, rapid population growth, and meeting their basic needs (High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security (HLPE) 2014). This influence requires the maintenance of sustainable resources and related economic activities. Despite the numerous opportunities and contributions provide by fisheries resources to human welfare (Sumaila 2010), it faces diverse challenges that * E. Ghorbanian [email protected] 1
Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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pose serious threat to sustainability goals. Studies have shown that significant challenges encountered by fisheries globally included overexploitation of resources (Pauly 2009), IUU fishing (CSIS 2017), pollution (Islam and Tanaka 2004), climate change (FAO 2008), degraded habitats, and declining biodiversity. Also, analyses have shown that fish stocks are exploited unsustainably; such that, it witnessed an increase in the percentage of overexploited and a reduction in the percentage of
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