Assessment of tectonic-controlled rock fall processes threatening the ancient Appia route at the Aurunci Mountain pass (
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Assessment of tectonic‑controlled rock fall processes threatening the ancient Appia route at the Aurunci Mountain pass (central Italy) E. Di Luzio1 · P. Mazzanti2 · A. Brunetti2 · M. Baleani2 Received: 15 January 2019 / Accepted: 17 April 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This research addresses ongoing rock fall processes that affect the tract of the ancient Appia route crossing the Apennines at the Aurunci Mountain pass (central Italy). Elements of cultural heritage are endangered as calcareous blocks descending from the rock slope that delimits the route track were observed lying on the pavement. Based on cooperation between geologists and experts in remote sensing, a multi-disciplinary study was pursued to assess rock fall susceptibility. This study included aero-photogrammetric reconstruction of slope topography, field-based structural and kinematic analyses, terrestrial laser scanner and unmanned aerial system surveys and probabilistic rock fall modelling. This last was performed by simulating a large number of 3D trajectories and initially adopting a lumped mass approach, therefore tracking dimensionless rock blocks (kinematic modelling). The structural setting of the investigated rock slope shows evidence of four tectonic phases, including in chronological order folding, thrusting, strike-slip and normal faulting. Nonhomogeneous joint sets distribution within the rock masses, due to the tectonic inheritance, was found to strongly condition rock failure mechanisms and sizes of detaching blocks. Different estimates of design rock block volumes and masses were integrated into kinematic modelling, finally achieving a dynamic 3D reconstruction of the rock fall process. Based on modelling results, a remediation plan has been drafted focused on positioning and sizing of elastic barriers. Keywords Rock fall · Structural analysis · Remote sensing · Cultural heritage · Appia route · Italy
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s1106 9-020-03939-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * E. Di Luzio [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Natural Hazards
1 Introduction At the scale of rocky mountain ranges, inherited structural features can drive the onset and development of deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DSGSDs) or large rock slope failures (e.g. Agliardi et al. 2001, 2009; Kellog 2001; Di Luzio et al. 2004; Ambrosi and Crosta 2006; Scarascia-Mugnozza et al. 2006; Esposito et al. 2007, 2014; Bianchi Fasani et al. 2011, 2014; Saintot et al. 2011; Penna et al. 2017). At the slope scale, the role played by local structural settings on discontinuity-controlled rock slope instabilities is also significant and can be difficult to unravel. In this case, the evaluation of the rock slope condition, aimed at hazard or susceptibility assessment, largely depends on a detailed structural/ geomechanical analysis (Badger 200
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