Assistance of Novel Artificial Intelligence in Optimization of Aluminum Matrix Nanocomposite by Genetic Algorithm
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NTRODUCTION
GENETIC algorithm (GA), as a sort of populationbased algorithm, is a computerized search procedure based on the mechanics of natural genetics and natural selection that has proven successful in solving a variety of difficult problems, including global and robust optimization problems.[1] The finite element method is a powerful technique for solving differential or partial differential equations as well as integral equations. The entire domain is divided into smaller elements of finite dimensions called ‘‘finite elements.’’ It is used as the most versatile numerical technique in modern engineering analysis and was previously employed to study diverse problems in heat transfer, fluid mechanics, chemical processing, rigid body dynamics, solid mechanics, electrical systems, and many other fields.[2,3] The artificial neural networks are used more often for solving many tasks, as a result of their advantages, including their capability to learn and adapt to the changing conditions and their ability to generalize the acquired knowledge. Thanks to these features they can be used where employing the traditional methods is very difficult, analytical solutions are unavailable or very difficult to obtain, and in problems calling for associating and processing bits of incomplete or inaccurate information. Therefore, the neural networks assist humans in the process of making the difficult and sometimes complex decisions.[4–10] Determination of the optimum parametric condition in casting the metals through the optimization technique is a continuous engineering task with the main aim of reducing production cost and achieving desired product quality. Aluminum alloys are widely used to make components for vehicles, locomotives, aircrafts, and ship ALI MAZAHERY and MOHSEN OSTAD SHABANI, Researchers, are with the Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted December 11, 2011. Article published online October 9, 2012 METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
building structures due to their desirable properties such as light weight, excellent strength, good corrosion resistance, good machinability, good fluidity, and castability. However, their relatively low melting point and low hardness compared to ferrous alloys limits their applications where high wear resistance is required.[11–13] Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are a new generation of materials in which a strong ceramic reinforcement is incorporated into a metal matrix to improve its properties, including specific strength, specific stiffness, wear resistance, excellent corrosion resistance, and high elastic modulus. In other words, MMCs combine metallic properties of matrix alloys (ductility and toughness) with ceramic properties of reinforcements (high strength and high modulus) and lead to higher strength in tension and compression and higher service temperature capabilities. Thus, they have significant scientific, technological, and commercial importance.[14–17] In the last decades, aluminum matrix composites (A
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