Association between accelerometer-measured physical activity and falls among community-dwelling older people living in c
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RESEARCH PAPER
Association between accelerometer‑measured physical activity and falls among community‑dwelling older people living in cold, snowy areas Reiji Kojima1,2 · Shigekazu Ukawa3 · Hiroshi Yokomichi1 · Aya Tanaka2 · Takashi Kimura2 · Shiho Amagasa4 · Shigeru Inoue4 · Katsunori Kondo5,6 · Akiko Tamakoshi2 Received: 19 June 2020 / Accepted: 11 September 2020 © European Geriatric Medicine Society 2020
Key summary points Aim To investigate the association between falls and accelerometer measured physical activity among older people living in cold, snowy regions in Japan. Findings A higher moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity levels and walking steps were associated with falls on a frozen road. Message The risk of falls, especially on frozen roads, increased among active older people living in cold, snowy regions, and environmental factors should be considered when determining prevention strategies. Abstract Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between falls, including falls on frozen roads, and physical activity among older people living in cold, snowy regions in Japan. Methods Participants were subjects of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study 2016 who had agreed to the Hokkaido additional visit survey in winter 2017/18 and lived in cold, snowy regions in Japan. The analysis included 461 participants (mean age 74.7 years; standard deviation 2.8 years; 46.5% male). Sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity (min/ day of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity [MVPA] and light intensity physical activity, and walking steps/day) measured by accelerometer, cognitive function, depression, visual impairment, and history of stroke were surveyed. Poisson regression analyses were performed to clarify the association between prevalence of falls and physical activity. Results Of those who reported a fall with location, 86 (69.9%) fell on frozen roads, 24 (19.5%) fell on unfrozen roads and 13 (10.6%) fell indoors. There were significant positive associations between MVPA (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] Tertile [T] 3 vs T1, 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–2.87) and all falls. When limited to falls on frozen roads, higher MVPA levels and walking steps were associated with falls on frozen roads (MVPA, aPR T3 vs T1, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.19–3.94; walking steps, aPR T3 vs T1, 2.49; 95%CI 1.33–4.68). Conclusion The risk of falls, especially on frozen roads, increased among active older people living in cold, snowy regions, and environmental factors should be considered when determining prevention strategies. Keywords Accelerometer · Community-dwelling older people · Fall · Frozen roads and physical activity
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-020-00398-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Reiji Kojima [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Introduction Falls are one of the main ca
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