Associations among palatal impaction of canine, sella turcica bridging, and ponticulus posticus (atlas arcuate foramen)
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Associations among palatal impaction of canine, sella turcica bridging, and ponticulus posticus (atlas arcuate foramen) Sepideh Dadgar1,2 · Mona Alimohamadi3 · Nikoo Rajabi4 · Vahid Rakhshan5 · Farhad Sobouti1,2 Received: 2 March 2020 / Accepted: 11 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Introduction The palatal impaction of canine (PIC) can be predicted by some head and neck skeletal anomalies or variants. Since studies on this regard (especially vertebral anomalies) are scarce, this study was conducted. Methods This case–control study was done on 46 PIC orthodontic patients (34 females, 12 males) and 46 control orthodontic patients (36 females, 10 males). The diagnosis of PIC was done on lateral cephalographs and panoramic radiographs. On cephalographs, sella turcica bridging (occurrence and severity) and ponticulus posticus (occurrence and severity) were assessed. Associations between PIC, sella bridging, and ponticulus posticus were examined statistically (α = 0.05, β ≤ 0.2). Results Cases’ and controls’ mean ages were 17.7 ± 4.0 and 17.4 ± 3.5, respectively. Of the case subjects, 22, 22, and 2 had respectively types I (normal), II, and III of sella bridging, while these numbers were 34, 12, and 0 in controls (chi-square P = 0.023 for severity, 0.010 for occurrence). Ponticulus posticus was observed in 28 cases (7 completed) and 17 controls (6 completed, P = 0.022 for occurrence, 0.056 for severity). Sella bridging was not associated with ponticulus posticus (Spearman P = 0.150). According to binary logistic regression, sella bridging can increase the odds of palatal canine impaction for OR = 2.8 times, while ponticulus posticus for OR = 2.6. Age and sex did not affect sella bridging or ponticulus posticus. Conclusions Both sella bridging and ponticulus posticus can predict an increased rate of PIC for more than 2.5 times. Keywords Palatally displaced impacted maxillary canines · Skeletal anomalies and normal variants · Sella turcica bridging · Atlas ponticulus posticus (arcuate foramen; sagittal foramen)
Introduction Sella turcica is located on the intracranial surface of the sphenoid bone trunk. The anterior border of Sella turcica is characterized by the Tuberculum sella and its posterior border by the Dorsum sella. The pituitary gland is surrounded * Farhad Sobouti [email protected] 1
Dental Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
2
Orthodontic Department, Dental Faculty, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
3
Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Dental Faculty, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
4
Student Research Committee, Dental Faculty, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
5
Department of Anatomy, Dental School, Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
by Sella turcica [39]. A common morphological variation of Sella turcica is sella bridging. Excessive calcification of the ligament between the anterio
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