Associations Between LGBTQ-Affirming School Climate and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among Adolescents
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Associations Between LGBTQ-Affirming School Climate and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Among Adolescents Brian J. Adams 1,2 & Blair Turner 3 & Xinzi Wang 3 & Rachel Marro 3 & Elizabeth Miller 4,5 & Gregory Phillips II 3 & Robert W. S. Coulter 2,4,5 Accepted: 12 November 2020 # Society for Prevention Research 2020
Abstract Intimate partner violence (IPV) impacts sexual minority adolescents at rates equal to or greater than the rate it impacts heterosexual adolescents. We investigated whether reports of physical and sexual IPV were less frequent in school jurisdictions with more affirming climates for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) students; and whether these associations varied for sexual orientation subgroups. We combined student-level data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys on demographics and experiences with physical and sexual IPV with jurisdiction-level data from the 2014 School Health Profiles on LGBTQ-affirming school climate. Multilevel logistic regression models examined associations between LGBTQ-affirming school climates and IPV. We stratified our data by sex and examined whether these associations differed by sexual orientation subgroups using cross-level interaction terms between school climate and sexual orientation (assessed via sexual identity and behavior). Sexual minority youth were more likely to report experiencing past-year physical and sexual IPV than their heterosexual counterparts. Attending schools with more LGBTQ-affirming climates reduced the likelihood of reporting physical IPV, but not sexual IPV, for female students. More LGBTQ-affirming school climates increased risk for sexual IPV among gay male students. Establishing LGBTQ-affirming school climates may reduce physical IPV for female students, but may have unintended consequences on sexual IPV prevalence for gay male students. More work is necessary to ensure that these climates are affirming for all sexual minority students and to address sexual violence prevention. Keywords Intimate partner violence . Dating violence . Sexual minority youth . Adolescence . School climate
Introduction * Brian J. Adams [email protected] 1
Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 3520 Fifth Avenue, Suite 400, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
2
Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
3
Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
4
Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
5
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Intimate partner violence (IPV), sometimes also referred to as dating violence, is a public health problem affecting adolescents in the USA (Hickman et al. 2004; Ngo et al. 2018). A meta-analysis estimated prevalence rates of 20% for physi
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