Associations between tea and coffee beverage consumption and the risk of lung cancer in the Singaporean Chinese populati
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Associations between tea and coffee beverage consumption and the risk of lung cancer in the Singaporean Chinese population Wei Jie Seow1,2 · Woon‑Puay Koh1,3 · Aizhen Jin3 · Renwei Wang5 · Jian‑Min Yuan4,5 Received: 22 January 2019 / Accepted: 18 November 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Background Tea and coffee are widely consumed beverages. Tea flavonoids have been shown to inhibit lung tumorigenesis using in vitro and in vivo models. Conversely, coffee contains complex mixtures of biochemically active compounds, some of which may have genotoxic and mutagenic properties. However, previous epidemiologic studies have shown inconsistent results on tea and coffee in relation to lung cancer risk. Methods The Singapore Chinese Health Study is a population-based prospective cohort of 63,257 Singaporean Chinese men and women, with an average of 17.7 years of follow-up. Information on tea and coffee consumption and other lifestyle factors was collected through in-person interviews at baseline. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations with adjustment for potential confounders. Results There were 1486 incident lung cancer cases. Compared to non-daily coffee drinkers, HRs (95% CIs) of lung cancer risk for those consuming one, two, and three or more cups of coffee per day were 1.18 (1.02–1.36), 1.21 (1.05–1.40), and 1.32 (1.08–1.62) respectively (P for trend = 0.0034). The highest category of black tea consumption (at least 2 cups per day) was inversely associated with risk of lung cancer [HR (95% CI) = 0.73 (0.53–0.99)], particularly among men [HR (95% CI) = 0.67 (0.47–0.95)], compared to less-than-weekly black tea drinkers, although the interaction by sex was not statistically significant. Conclusions Coffee beverage consumption was associated with higher risk of developing lung cancer. On the other hand, black tea intake was associated with lower risk of lung cancer among men in our cohort, and further studies are needed to confirm this association. Keywords Coffee · Lung cancer · Tea
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02146-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Wei Jie Seow [email protected] 1
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore
2
Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
3
Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
4
Division of Cancer Control and Population Science, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, PA, USA
5
Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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