ASSURE: A Hardware-Based Security Protocol for Resource-Constrained IoT Systems
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ASSURE: A Hardware-Based Security Protocol for Resource-Constrained IoT Systems Yildiran Yilmaz 1,2
&
Leonardo Aniello 2 & Basel Halak 2
Received: 9 September 2019 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The Internet of Things technology is expected to generate tremendous economic benefits; this promise is undermined by major security threats. This is mainly due to the ubiquitous nature of this technology, which makes it easy for potential adversities to have access to IoT devices and carry well-established attacks. The development of defence mechanisms, in this case, is a challenging task; this is due to the fact that most IoT devices have limited computing and energy resources, which makes it hard to implement classic cryptographic algorithms. This paper addresses this challenge by proposing a lightweight mutual authentication and key agreement protocol named ASSURE based on Rivest Cipher (RC5) and physically unclonable functions (PUFs). To understand the effectiveness of this protocol, a rigorous security analysis under various cyber-attack scenarios is performed. In order to evaluate the overheads of the proposed solution, a wireless sensor network using typical IoT devices called Zolertia Zoul re-mote is constructed. The functionality of the proposed scheme is verified using a server-client configuration. Then, energy consumption and memory utilization are estimated and compared with the existing solutions, namely, the DTLS (datagram transport layer security) handshake protocol in pre-shared secret (key) mode and UDP (user datagram protocol). Experimental analysis results indicate that the proposed protocol can save up to 39.5% energy and uses 14% less memory compared with the DTLS handshake protocol. Keywords Mutual authentication . Internet of Things . Wireless sensor . Physically unclonable functions . Rivest Cipher
1 Introduction With recent developments in Internet of Things systems, it has become possible to design and develop multifunctional sensor nodes that are small in size, come at a low cost, require little power and communicate wirelessly in short distances [1]. The aim of the wireless sensor network is to detect physical and environmental changes such as temperature, sound, pressure and humidity. The sensor should transmit the sensed data to a central hub in cooperation over the established network. These networks have a wide application area in many sectors,
* Yildiran Yilmaz [email protected]; [email protected] Basel Halak [email protected] 1
Computer Engineering, University of Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Rize, Turkey
2
Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
including military, environmental, health, industrial and smart homes. It is worth considering patient monitoring systems as a concrete example of this technology in use [1]. With this system, patient pulse rate, blood oxygen level, electrical activity in the heart, muscle activation and general kinesthetic movements may be measured. This makes it possible to monitor the
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