Astragaloside IV Inhibits Cigarette Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Mice
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Astragaloside IV Inhibits Cigarette Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Mice Zhou Meiqian,1 Zhuo Leying,1 and Cai Chang1,2
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Astragaloside IV (AS) on cigarette smoke (CS)-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our results showed that AS alleviated CS-induced pathological injury in lung tissue. AS also increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and lung. AS also reduced cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in serum and lung. More, AS significantly reduced the protein expression of JAK3/STAT3/NF-κB pathway in CS-induced mice. In vitro, cigarette smoke extract (CSE) stimulation exposed to normal human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Results further confirmed that AS significantly inhibited the protein levels of JAK3/STAT3/ NF-κB pathway in CSE-induced HBE. Our result showed that AS might effectively ameliorate COPD via JAK3/STAT3/NF-κB pathway.
Abstract—
KEY WORDS: Astragaloside IV; COPD; inflammation.
INTRODUCTION The harm of tobacco has become one of the most serious problems in the world. More than 400,000 of people suffer from cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and cancer caused by cigarette smoking (CS) [1]. The tobacco production and consumption of our country rank as the top in the world. CS contains thousands of toxic chemicals such as nicotine, tar, and benzopyrene which pose a significant health hazard. The smoke fog may enter the airway and cause the respiratory tract mucosal injury, which leads to increased inflammation in the body. In the lung tissue, CS can induce plenty of disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and interstitial pneumonia [2]. Pulmonary inflammation refers 1
Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China 2 To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China. E-mail: [email protected]
to the terminal airway, pulmonary alveolus, and pulmonary interstitium, which was induced by microorganism, physical and chemical factors, immune injury, irritability, and drugs [3]. Cigarette smoking is one of the most important reasons to cause pulmonary inflammation. Astragalus mongholicus, a leguminous plant, is widely used in enhancing immunologic function, protecting liver, diuretic, anti-aging, anti-hypertension, and antiinflammatory [4]. Astragaloside IV (AS) has the best biological activity among Astragalus polysaccharide [5]. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of AS on CSinduced pulmonary inflammation mice. The Janus tyrosine kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is one of the signal transduction pathways which is stimulated by cytokines and participates in proliferation, di
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