Astronomy of the Inca Empire Use and Significance of the Sun and

Astronomy in the Inca Empire was a robust and fundamental practice. The subsequent Spanish conquest of the Andes region disrupted much of this indigenous culture and resulted in a significant loss of information about its rich history. Through modern arch

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Steven R. Gullberg

Astronomy of the Inca Empire Use and Significance of the Sun and the Night Sky

Historical & Cultural Astronomy

Series Editors:

WAYNE ORCHISTON, University of Southern Queensland,‐Australia ([email protected]) MARC ROTHENBERG, Smithsonian Institution (retired), ‐ USA ([email protected]) CLIFFORD CUNNINGHAM, University of Southern Queensland, ‐Australia ([email protected])

Editorial Board:

JAMES EVANS, University of Puget Sound,‐USA MILLER GOSS, National Radio Astronomy Observatory,‐USA DUANE HAMACHER, Monash University,‐Australia JAMES LEQUEUX, Observatoire de Paris,‐France SIMON MITTON, St. Edmund’s College Cambridge University,‐UK CLIVE RUGGLES, University of Leicester,‐UK VIRGINIA TRIMBLE, University of California Irvine,‐‐ USA GUDRUN WOLFSCHMIDT, Institute for History of Science and Technology,‐Germany TRUDY BELL, Sky & Telescope,‐‐ USA

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15156

Steven R. Gullberg

Astronomy of the Inca Empire Use and Significance of the Sun and the Night Sky

Steven R. Gullberg College of Professional and Continuing Studies University of Oklahoma Norman, OK, USA

ISSN 2509-310X     ISSN 2509-3118 (electronic) Historical & Cultural Astronomy ISBN 978-3-030-48365-4    ISBN 978-3-030-48366-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48366-1 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover image credit: © alexeys/Getty Images/iStock This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Night sky at Machu Picchu. Watercolor by Jessica Gullberg

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To Steven R. Gullberg II A great son and research assistant who left us far too soon

Foreword

Father Bernabé Cobo, the Spanish Jesuit priest and missionary