Atmospheric aerosol growth rates at different background station types
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Atmospheric aerosol growth rates at different background station types Adéla Holubová Šmejkalová 1,2,3
&
Naděžda Zíková 3,4 & Vladimír Ždímal 4 & Helena Plachá 1 & Miroslav Bitter 1
Received: 4 May 2020 / Accepted: 26 October 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Highly time-resolved particle number size distributions (PNSDs) were evaluated during 5 years (2013–2017) at four background stations in the Czech Republic located in different types of environments—urban background (Ústí nad Labem), industrial background (Lom), agricultural background (National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice), and suburban background (Prague-Suchdol). The PNSD data was used for new particle formation event determination as well as growth rate (GR) and condensation sink (CS) calculations. The differences or similarities of these parameters were evaluated from perspectives of the different pollution load, meteorological condition, and regional or long-range transport. The median growth rate (4 nm h−1) is very similar at all stations, and the most frequent length of growth lasted between 2 and 4 h. Condensation sink reflects the pollution load at the individual station and their connection to the environment type. The highest median, CS = 1.34 × 10−2 s−1, was recorded at the urban station (Ústí nad Labem), and the lowest (CS = 0.85 × 10−2 s−1) was recorded at the agricultural station (National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice). Conditional probability function polar plots illustrate the influence of source location to GR. These primary potential emission sources involve traffic, operation of a power plant, and domestic heating. Keywords Growth rate . Condensation sink . New particle formation . Source location estimation . Pollution load . Background station
Introduction Atmospheric aerosols are ubiquitous particles, and their presence in the atmosphere contributes to climate change patterns (Kulmala et al. 2004a). Aerosols affect the climate through direct and indirect effects. Atmospheric aerosols can directly scatter and/or absorb solar radiation and thus directly affect the Earth’s radiation balance. The radiation budget is also Responsible Editor: Gerhard Lammel * Adéla Holubová Šmejkalová [email protected] 1
Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Na Šabatce 2050/17, 143 06 Prague 4-Komořany, Czech Republic
2
Air Quality Department, Košetice Observatory, Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, 39422 Košetice, Czech Republic
3
Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
4
Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, CAS, Rozvojová 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
affected indirectly by aerosols altering clouds’ optical properties and their lifetime, with aerosol acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) (Kulmala et al. 2004b; Pöschl 2005; YliJuuti et al. 2011; Stocker et al. 2013). Nonetheless, the role of aerosols in the climatic system still includes uncertainties strongly influencing model simulations (Zhao et al. 2018). One o
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