Atmospheric Flight in the Twentieth Century
All technologies differ from one another. They are as varied as humanity's interaction with the physical world. Even people attempting to do the same thing produce multiple technologies. For example, John H. White discovered more than l 1000 patents in th
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Archimedes NEW STUDIES IN THE HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 3
EDITOR JED Z. BUCHWALD, Bern Dibner Professor of the History ofScience at MIT, and Director of The Dibner Institutefor the History of Science and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. ADVISORY BOARD HENK Bos, University of Utrecht MORDECHAI FEINGOLD, Virginia Polytechnic Institute ALLAN D. FRANKLIN, University of Colorado at Boulder KOSTAS GAVROGLU, National Technical University ofAthens ANTHONY GRAFTON, Princeton University FREDERIC L. HOLMES, Yale University PAUL HOYNINGEN-HUENE, University of Konstanz EVELYN Fox KELLER, MIT TREVOR LEVERE, University of Toronto JESPER LOTZEN, Copenhagen University WILLIAM NEWMAN, Harvard University JORGEN RENN, Max-Planck-Institut f iir Wissenschaftsgeschichte ALAN SHAPIRO, University ofMinnesota NANCY SIRAISI, Hunter College of the City University ofNew York MERRITT ROE SMITH, MIT NOEL SWERDLOW, University of Chicago
Archimedes has three fundamental goals; to further the integration of the histories of science and technology with one another: to investigate the technical, social and practical histories of specific developments in science and technology; and finally, where possible and desirable, to bring the histories of science and technology into closer contact with the philosophy of science. To these ends, each volume will have its own theme and title and will be planned by one or more members of the Advisory Board in consultation with the editor. Although the volumes have specific themes, the series itself will not be limited to one or even to a few particular areas. Its subjects include any of the sciences, ranging from biology through physics, all aspects of technology, broadly construed, as well as historically-engaged philosophy of science or technology. Taken as a whole, Archimedes will be of interest to historians, philosophers, and scientists, as well as to those in business and industry who seek to understand how science and industry have come to be so strongly linked.
A rch imedes Volume 3 New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology
Atmospheric Flight in the Twentieth Century
edited by
PETER GALISON Harvard University, USA
ALEXROLAND Duke University, USA
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SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.
ISBN 978-0-7923-6742-0 ISBN 978-94-011-4379-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-4379-0
Printed on acid-free paper
AII Rights Reserved © 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Origina11y published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2000 No part ofthis publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ALEX ROLAND AND PETER GALISON /
Introduction
vii
PART I: Understanding Flight PETER GALISON /
An Accident of History
3
PETER L. JAKAB / Aerospace
in Adolescence: McCook Field and
