Attentional guidance from two representations of the same or different dimensions in visual working memory
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Attentional guidance from two representations of the same or different dimensions in visual working memory Lingxia Fan 1 & Mengsi Xu 2 & Najam ul Hasan 3 & Mengdan Sun 1 & Xuemin Zhang 1,4,5
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract Previous studies have only focused on the interference effect induced by multiple task-irrelevant representations from the same dimensions in visual working memory (VWM). The present study reexamined the issue by not only focusing on interference effect but also facilitation effect induced by multiple task-irrelevant representations from the same dimension in VWM. Furthermore, the guidance effect of multiple task-irrelevant representations from different dimensions in VWM was also investigated. Participants were instructed to complete a gap-location search task while holding two items in VWM. In Experiment 1, one of the colors (match-1) or both colors in VWM (match-2) matched with one or two targets or distractors in the search array. No guidance effects were found for match-1 trials, but there was a reliable interference effect when both colors in VWM were presented as distractors and a facilitation effect when they matched the color of two search targets. Experiment 2 was carried out to examine the guidance effect produced by multiple task-irrelevant representations from different dimensions in VWM. Participants were required to memorize the color and direction of an arrow. Attentional guidance effects were found when each one of the VWM features matched the search target, but there was no additive facilitation effect when both features were validated in visual search. These results provide evidence that multiple items in VWM can guide the attention simultaneously, but the guidance effects are flexible and various across different types of stimuli. Keywords Visual working memory . Attentional guidance effect . Multiple features . Visual search
Introduction In everyday life, successful and efficient selective attention requires the involvement of visual working memory (VWM). For instance, having a predefined style or color for shoes in our mind is helpful when selecting a specific target in a shoe shop. The
* Xuemin Zhang [email protected] 1
Beijing Key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
2
School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
3
Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
4
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
5
Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
biased competition model (Desimone and Duncan 1995) declares that there is a close relationship between VWM and attention, with features that are held in VWM more easily and preferentially attended to than those that are not. Studies supporting this model provide clear evid
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