Automatically running experiments on checking multi-party contracts
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Automatically running experiments on checking multi‑party contracts Adilson Luiz Bonifacio1 · Wellington Aparecido Della Mura1 Accepted: 1 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Contracts play an important role in business management where relationships among different parties are dictated by legal rules. Electronic contracts have emerged mostly due to technological advances and electronic trading between companies and customers. New challenges have then arisen to guarantee reliability among the stakeholders in electronic negotiations. In this scenario, automatic verification of electronic contracts appeared as an imperative support, specially the conflict detection task of multi-party contracts. The problem of checking contracts has been largely addressed in the literature, but there are few, if any, methods and practical tools that can deal with multi-party contracts using a contract language with deontic and dynamic aspects as well as relativizations, over the same formalism. In this work we present an automatic checker for finding conflicts on multi-party contracts modeled by an extended contract language with deontic operators and relativizations. Moreover a well-known case study of sales contract is modeled and automatically verified by our tool. Further, we performed practical experiments in order to evaluate the efficiency of our method and the practical tool. Keywords Conflict detection · Multi-party contracts · Relativized contract language · Experiments
1 Introduction Business relationships among companies and customers have increased a great deal thanks to technological advances. Therefore new challenges have been arisen on business negotiations where interrelationships among the parties are liable to disagreements. To overcome potential conflicts on transactions, rules must be introduced * Adilson Luiz Bonifacio [email protected] Wellington Aparecido Della Mura [email protected] 1
Computing Department, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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A. L. Bonifacio, W. A. Della Mura
to avoid undesirable situations using the notion of legal contracts (Bartoletti and Zunino 2010; Royakkers 1998). A contract can be defined as a set of clauses that describes business rules where several parties are involved. These rules can enforce obligations, prohibitions, and permissions in order to express rights and duties over the parties. So the classical propositional logic (Bartoletti and Zunino 2010), for instance, cannot deal with these modalities. Also we can classify a contract according to its relationships (Angelov and Grefen 2001): (1) unilateral, when only a single party assumes responsibilities; (2) bilateral, when responsibilities are upon two involved parties; and (3) multilateral, or multi-party, when several parties assume responsibilities. Although legal rules can specify the stakeholders and their relationships in a contract, disagreements may arise, especially in multi-party contracts, when several parties are simultaneously entailed by the same as
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