Auxins, the hidden player in chloroplast development
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REVIEW
Auxins, the hidden player in chloroplast development Alexis Salazar‑Iribe1 · Clelia De‑la‑Peña1 Received: 24 June 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Throughout decades of plant research, the plant hormones known as auxins have been found to be of vital importance in most plant development processes. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) represents the most common auxin in plants and can be synthesized from its tryptophan precursor, which is synthesized in the chloroplast. The chloroplast constitutes an organelle of great relevance to plants since the photosynthesis process by which plants get most of their energy is carried out there. The role of auxins in photosynthesis has been studied for at least 50 years, and in this time, it has been shown that auxins have an effect on several of the essential components and structure of the chloroplast. In recent decades, a high number of genes have been reported to be expressed in the chloroplast and some of their mutants have been shown to alter different auxinmediated pathways. Genes in signaling pathways such as IAA/AUX, ARF, GH.3, SAURand TIR, biosynthesis-related genes such as YUCCA and transport-related genes such as PIN have been identified among the most regulated genes in mutants related to alterations in the chloroplast. This review aims to provide a complete and updated summary of the relationship between auxins and several processes that involve the chloroplast, including chloroplast development, plant albinism, redox regulation and pigment synthesis. Keywords Auxin · Chloroplast · Albinism · Photosynthesis · Gene regulation · Tryptophan metabolism Abbreviations IAA Indole-3-acetic acid Trp Tryptophan AUX/IAA AUXIN/3-INDOLE ACETIC ACID TIR1 TRANSPORT INHIBITOR FACTOR1 CAB Chlorophyll a–b binding proteins DOC1 DARK OVEREXPRESSION OF CAB1 NTRC NADPH–THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE CMAL CHLOROPLAST MraW-LIKE SAUR SMALL AUXIN-UP RNA GH3 Gretchen Hagen 3 Family YUC YUCCA PIN PIN FORMED PHY PHYTOCHROME HB7 Homeodomain-leucine zipper I HB7 GLK2 GOLDEN 2-LIKE Communicated by Neal Stewart. * Clelia De‑la‑Peña [email protected] 1
Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34. Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
ARF AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR GLK1 GOLDEN 1-LIKE AHK Arabidopsis histidine kinase ALA 5-Aminolevulinic acid ARR The type B Arabidopsis response regulators CAO Chlide a oxygenase CHLH Magnesium chelatase LHCB Light-harvesting complex II chlorophyll binding protein CLH Chlorophyllase CRY Cryptochrome DELLA Gibberellic acid-regulated growthrepression DELLA proteins EBF1 EIN3-binding F-box 1 EIN3/EIL1 Ethylene-insensitive 3/EIN3-LIKE 1 GUN4 GENOMES UNCOUPLED 4 HEMA Glu-tRNA reductase GA Gibberellin acid ABA Abscisic acid ABI5 ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5 NO Nitric oxide HP2 HIGH PIGMENT2 SKL1 SHIKIMATE KINASE-LIKE1
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PGAM Phosphoglycerate mutase a
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