Avoiding War, Making Peace

‘Ned Lebow is one of the most energetic, challenging and innovative writers on international relations. His arguments are always original and thought provoking.'   –Sir Lawrence Freedman, Emeritus Professor of War Studies, King’s College London, UK &

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Avoiding War, Making Peace

Richard Ned Lebow

Avoiding War, Making Peace

Richard Ned Lebow Department of War Studies King’s College London London, UK

ISBN 978-3-319-56092-2 ISBN 978-3-319-56093-9  (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-56093-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017937471 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover image: Cover Design by Henry Petrides Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

To Janice, for a collaboration that was grand fun

Acknowledgements

This book draws on research and writing that dominated my agenda for the last four decades of the twentieth century. My commitment to conflict management developed when I was a university and then postgraduate student during the two Berlin and Cuban missile crises. The study of these and other crises led me to develop a critique of deterrence and compellence. The Cold War heated up in the 1980s and was a spur to extend my investigations and explore alternative strategies of conflict management. The end of the Cold War and collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s provided an opportunity of a different kind. Soviet archives opened up, and it became possible to document Soviet policy in critical Cold War crises. Janice Gross Stein and I made use of these and newly declassified American documents, as well as numerous interviews with Soviet, American, European, Israeli, and Egyptian officials, to reconstruct the 1962 Cuban missile and October 1973 crises. For the first time, we could examine the origins, course, and resolution of these crises from the perspectives of both sides and try to fathom the consequences