Background nitrogen deposition controls the effects of experimental nitrogen addition on soil gross N transformations in
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SHORT COMMUNICATION
Background nitrogen deposition controls the effects of experimental nitrogen addition on soil gross N transformations in forest ecosystems Yi Cheng . Jing Wang . Zhiwei Ge . Jinbo Zhang . Yanjiang Cai . Scott X. Chang . Zucong Cai . Han Y. H. Chen
Received: 6 December 2019 / Accepted: 30 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Nitrogen (N) deposition can profoundly alter soil N transformation processes and the longterm productivity of forest ecosystems. The response of soil gross N transformations to N deposition in forest ecosystems has been well studied through simulated N addition experiments. Simulated N addition experiments are conducted under a wide range of background N deposition rates. However, it remains unclear whether the response of soil gross N transformation rates to simulated N addition is dependent on Responsible Editor: Edward Brzostek.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-020-00722-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
background N deposition rates. Here, we collate results from the literature in forest ecosystems, and found, for the first time, that the responses of gross rates of N mineralization, nitrification, and NO3immobilization to experimental N addition changed from positive to negative with increasing background N deposition rates with the thresholds for such changes were 3.23, 6.02, 1.90 kg N ha- 1 yr- 1, respectively. Our results suggest that background N deposition rates shall be incorporated into ecosystem models to better predict forest ecosystem N cycling under future N deposition scenarios. Keywords Background N deposition Gross N transformation rates N addition Forest ecosystem Thresholds
Y. Cheng J. Zhang (&) Z. Cai School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China e-mail: [email protected]
J. Zhang Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China
J. Wang Z. Ge Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
Y. Cai S. X. Chang State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
J. Zhang Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
S. X. Chang Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada
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Biogeochemistry
Introduction Over the past 150 years, nitrogen (N) deposition to terrestrial ecosystems has increased approximately three-fold (from 34 in 1860 to 100 Tg N yr- 1 in 1995), and is projected to increase to 200 Tg N yr- 1 by 2050, mostly because of intensive fertilizer N application in agriculture and fossil fuel combustion (Galloway et al. 2008). Although elevated N deposition can increase N availabili
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