Bacterial Adhesion
Although bacteria adhere to many different types of surfaces present in their habitat, this review focuses on bacterial adhesion to animal cells and tissues as a first step in the ability of pathogens to colonize and subsequently cause tissue damage. Acco
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Bacterial Adhesins and Their Cognate Receptors . . . . . . . . . 108 Types of Adhesin-Receptor Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Multiple Adhesins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Lectins as Adhesins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Bacterial Glycoconjugates as Adhesins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Adhesin-Receptor Relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
A discussion and summary of these topics focus on the in vivo data, including human trials, whereby plant extracts are used as a source of antiadhesion agents to prevent or treat urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and infectious gastritis or peptic ulcer diseases induced by Helicobacter pylori and to maintain oral health.
Introduction Interaction of Bacterial Adhesins with Extracellular Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Antiadhesion Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Receptor Analogs as Antiadhesive Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Adhesin Analogs as Antiadhesive Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Dietary Inhibitors of Adhesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Human Milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Plant Extract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Urinary Tract Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Oral Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Gastric, Duodenal, and Peptic Ulcers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Sub-lethal Concentrations of Antibiotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Adhesin-Based Vaccines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Abstract Although bacteria adhere to many different types of surfaces present in their habitat, this review focuses on bacterial adhesion to animal cells and tissues as a first step in the ability of pathogens to colonize and subsequently cause tissue damage. Accordingly, basic principles that govern the interaction of bacterial adhesins to their cognate receptors on animal cells are presented, such as fimbriae as adhesin structures. Significantly, we discuss the types of receptor-adhesin relationship, the phenomenon of multiple adhesins each specific for distinct receptors produced by pathogenic clones, the identity of glycoconjugates as receptors for lectins that serve as adhesins, and the interaction of bacterial adhesins with the extracellular matrix on animal tissues. Finally, a specific section is devoted to recent developments in preventing or treating infections by blocking
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