Bacterial and archaeal communities in deep sea waters near the Ninetyeast Ridge in Indian Ocean
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Bacterial and archaeal communities in deep sea waters near the Ninetyeast Ridge in Indian Ocean* GAO Ping1, 2, QU Lingyun1, 2, **, DU Guangxun1, WEI Qinsheng1, 3, ZHANG Xuelei1, YANG Guang1 1
Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Qingdao 266061, China
2
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
3
Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
Received Jan. 6, 2020; accepted in principle Feb. 19, 2020; accepted for publication Apr. 24, 2020 © Chinese Society for Oceanology and Limnology, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Depth-dependent distribution patterns of bacterial and archaeal communities in deep sea water column around the Ninetyeast Ridge in the Indian Ocean were investigated using 16S rRNA gene profiling. Sampling was conducted at the northern Ninetyeast Ridge (1°59.89′N–9°59.70′S, 87°58.90′E–88°00.03′E) from September to November 2016 where samples were collected from the bathyal (1 000 m) to bathypelagic depths (>4 000 m) in four different stations. A total of 1 565 405 clean data falling into 6 712 bacterial OTUs and 1 452 727 clean data falling into 806 archaeal OTUs based on 97% similarity level were analyzed. Most of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences were affiliated with Gammaproteobacteria, followed by Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidia. The archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences mostly affiliated to Nitrososphaeria (Thaumarchaeota) dominated with relative abundances ranging from 52.68% to 97.2%, followed by Thermoplasmata (Euryarchaeota). Vertical partitioning of bacterial and archaeal communities among different water layers was observed. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and Spearman’s correlations revealed that depth (P=0.003), dissolved oxygen (P=0.019), and nitrite (P=0.033) were the main environmental factors affecting bacterial community structure at genus level in the Ninetyeast Ridge. On the other hand, the first two CCA axes accounted for 74.4% of the explained total variance, it seems that the archaeal communities at genus level were heavily influenced by the environmental variables including depth, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrite, salinity, phosphate, ammonia, nitrate, and silicate, but none of them exhibited any significant correlation on the structuring (P>0.1). Keyword: deep sea water; the Ninetyeast Ridge; 16S rRNA gene; bacteria; archaea
1 INTRODUCTION Microbes have been shown to be indispensable components of marine ecosystems, from the surface waters (Bouvier and de Giorgio, 2002; Cunliffe et al., 2011) to the sediments in estuaries (Guo et al., 2018), and even in the extreme environments including hydrothermal vents (Zhang et al., 2016), ice sheets in polar regions (Christner et al., 2014), and the bottom of t
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