Bariatric surgery-induced weight loss reduces B cell activating cytokines and IgG immunoglobulins related to autoimmunit
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Bariatric surgery‑induced weight loss reduces B cell activating cytokines and IgG immunoglobulins related to autoimmunity Ricardo X. Cuellar‑Tamez1 · J. Romeo Villarreal‑Calderon1 · Nestor Rubio‑Infante1 · Elena C. Castillo1 · Manuel García‑Garza2 · Leticia Elizondo‑Montemayor1,3 · Gerardo García‑Rivas1,4,5 Received: 18 May 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background Obesity is associated with a chronic inflammatory state and autoimmune diseases, but little is known about the role of B cells in this context and the changes in B cell activation factors during obesity and after weight loss. To test whether bariatric-surgery-induced weight loss ameliorates the systemic inflammatory state associated with B cell activation molecules. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study in patients treated with bariatric surgery. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed preoperatively and at 6 months of follow-up post surgery. The patients were tested for a biochemical profile, plasmatic immunoglobulin G (IgG), cytokines (including specific B cell activating cytokines), and adipokines serum levels Results The patients’ weight loss was accounted for mostly by fat mass (52.9%). We observed a significant reduction in total plasmatic IgG levels (p = 0.001), which could be associated with decreased B cell activity. Accordingly, there was a significant decrease in the B cell activating factors such as APRIL, BAFF, and soluble CD40L and a general improvement in the inflammatory markers hs-CRP, IL-1β, IL-12, IL-18, and IFN-γ. Conclusions These findings point toward reduced B cell activity after weight loss due to bariatric surgery. Moreover, they could be the initial link among the systemic inflammatory factors, and B cell activation in this inflammatory context that leads to IgG production and, potentially, to autoimmunity in patients with severe obesity. Keywords B cells · IgG antibodies · Autoimmunity · Weight loss · Bariatric surgery
Ricardo X. Cuellar-Tamez and J. Romeo Villarreal-Calderon have contributed equally to this work. * Leticia Elizondo‑Montemayor [email protected] * Gerardo García‑Rivas [email protected] 1
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina Y Ciencias de La Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey, NL 64710, Mexico
2
Swiss Hospital, SMG, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
3
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Clínica Y Obesidad, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
4
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, 66278 San Pedro Garza García, NL, Mexico
5
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Medicina Funcional, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, 66278 San Pedro Garza García, NL, Mexico
Obesity is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammatory state. This chronic inflammation is related to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases [1] in addition to autoimmune pathologies, such as systemic
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