Baroclinic Turbulence
Baroclinic turbulence is stratified geostrophic turbulence where rotation and stratification are of equal order. A measure of the relative importance is the internal radius of deformation A, which compares (stable) density stratification effects with resp
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ROTATING FLUIDS IN GEOPHYSICAL AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
EDITEDBY
E.J. HOPFINGER UNIVERSITY OF GRENOBLE AND CNRS
Springer-Verlag
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Wien GmbH
Le spese di stampa di questo volume sono in parte coperte da
contributi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.
This volume contains 176 illustrations.
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concemed specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. © 1992 by Springer-Verlag Wien Originally published by CISM, Udine in 1992.
In order to make this volume available as economically and as
rapidly as possible the authors' typescripts have been reproduced in their original forms. This method unfortunately has its typographical lirnitations but it is hoped that they in no way distract the reader.
ISBN 978-3-211-82393-4 ISBN 978-3-7091-2602-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-2602-8
PREFACE
Most of the research on rotating fluids has been motivated by geophysical applications because in these situations rotation effects are ofprimary importance. Understanding atmospheric and oceanic motions is ofvital interestfor climate prediction and we arealso increasingly concerned with the dispersion ofpollution by biochemical and chemical substances released in the atmosphere and the oceans. The release ofC02 for instance is of great concern in the general question of global warming. Rotation is also plays a key role in rotating machines where, for example, it effects the boundary layers structure on the runner blades ofturbines and can give rise to intense vortexformation. Vortexflows or swirlingflows are widely encountered and are made use ofin engineering problems related with cyclone Separators, the aerodynamics of combustion chambers and vortex valves. There is renewed interest in thefundamental understanding of these complex engineering flows. Although the scales of motions in rotating industrial devices are very different from those encountered on planets, the fundamental concepts of rotating fluids presented in this volume have general value; much can, therefore, be gained by interdisciplinary research. The main effects of rotation are the tendency toward two-dimensionality offluid motions, the rapid spin-up or spin-down of fluid columns due to Ekman pumping and the possibility of sustained wave motions. A number of flow instabilities are a resuZt of rotation or the combined ejfect of rotation and stratification. Some of these are weil known while others are at the forefront of research. Considerable progress has also been made recently on turbulence and shear flows in rotaring fluids. The mechanisms of
energy and anstrophy transfers in turbulence with rotation is better understood, and exciting new phenomena like the transition to a rotationally dominared turbulence state and the possibility of vorticity concentration have recently been demonstrated. This raises new questions concerning vo
