Barriers and Facilitators to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in Low-and-Middle-Income Countries: a Scoping R
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Barriers and Facilitators to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in Low-and-Middle-Income Countries: a Scoping Review Gbotemi Bukola Babatunde 1
&
André Janse van Rensburg 1 & Arvin Bhana 1 & Inge Petersen 1
# Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
Abstract Introduction Despite the severe consequences of under-prioritising child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) problems, mental health services for this population remain scarce in low-and-middle-income countries (LAMICs). The purpose of this review was to identify the barriers and facilitators of access to CAMH services in LAMICs. Method This study adopted a scoping review methodology. A systematic search of the literature on CAMH in LAMICs from Medline, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLEs, EBSCOHOST Web, Google Scholar, Web of Science and PubMed databases yielded 28 papers meeting the inclusion criteria. Results The gap between CAMH needs and service provision results from a paucity of policies, a shortage of CAMH specialists, insufficient financial resources dedicated to CAMH and a scarcity of culturally appropriate CAMH assessment tools. Adequate access to CAMH services in LAMICs requires strategically maximising available limited resources using task sharing. Conclusion There is an urgent need to encourage research in the field of CAMH service development in LAMICs to facilitate policy development, implementation and scale-up of CAMH services. Keywords Child and adolescent mental health . Child and adolescent mental health services . Child and adolescent mental health policy
Background Child and adolescent mental disorders are a significant public health challenge, affecting up to 20% of children and adolescents worldwide (Bayer et al. 2008; Kieling et al. 2011). According to Patel and colleagues (Patel et al. 2007), at least one out of five children globally will suffer from at least one mental disorder during their lifetime. Adolescence is characterised by increased vulnerability to risk factors that impact on mental health, hence mental health conditions
* Gbotemi Bukola Babatunde [email protected] André Janse van Rensburg [email protected] Arvin Bhana [email protected] Inge Petersen [email protected] 1
Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing & Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
account for about 16% of the global burden of diseases that affect young people aged 10–19 years (Ogden and Hagen 2018; Patel et al. 2007; WHO 2018). Moreover, a study conducted among adolescents by Low et al. (2012) revealed a 15% prevalence of depression and conduct disorder symptoms that were significantly associated with romantic breakups, family disruption, interpersonal difficulties and personal stress (school work, weight, height and health). CAMH remain under-prioritised in most low-resource settings with a substantial service delivery gap for young people (WHO 2017), despite the evidence of life-long impacts (Kieling et al. 2011; Merikangas et al. 2010; Patel et al. 2007). Limited attention to address CAMH challenges int
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